style='font-size:7.5pt'>Disease and Transmission

style='font-size:7.5pt'>Microbial Agent

style='font-size:7.5pt'>Sources of Agent in Water Supply

style='font-size:7.5pt'>General Symptoms

Amebiasis (hand-to-mouth)

Protozoan (Entamoeba
histolytic) (Cyst-like appearance)

Sewage, non-treated drinking
water, flies in water supply

Abdominal discomfort,
fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, gas pains

Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Campylobacteriosis
(oral-fecal)

Untreated water, sewage,
poor hygiene, crowded living conditions with inadequate sewage facilities

Watery diarrhea, vomiting,
occasional muscle cramps

Cholera (oral-fecal)

Bacterium (Vibrio
cholerae)

Untreated water, sewage,
poor hygiene, crowded living conditions with inadequate sewage facilities.

Diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort

Cryptosporidiosis (oral)

Protozoan (Cryptosporidium
parvum)

Collects on water filters
and membranes that cannot be disinfected, animal manure, seasonal runoff of
water.

Flu-like symptoms, watery
diarrhea , loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased
gas, stomach

Cyclosporiasis

Protozoan parasite (Cyclospora
cayetanensis)

Sewage, non-treated drinking
water

cramps, nausea, vomiting,
muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue

Giardiasis (oral-fecal)
(hand-to-mouth)

Protozoan (Giardia
lamblia) Most common intestinal parasite

Untreated water, poor
disinfection, pipe breaks, leaks, groundwater contamination, campgrounds
where humans and wildlife use same source of water. Beavers and muskrats act
as a reservoir for Giardia.

Diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, bloating, gas and gas pains

Hepatitis A (oral-fecal)

Virus (Hepatitis A)

Raw sewage, untreated
drinking water, poor hygiene, ingestion of shellfish from sewage-flooded beds

Fever, chills, abdominal
discomfort, jaundice, urine dark

Salmonellosis (oral
transmission)

Bacterium (Salmonella
species)

Contaminated water,
shellfish, turtles, fish

Gastroenteritis, fever and
rapid blood-poisoning.

Shigellosis (oral-fecal)

Bacterium (Shigella
species)

Sludge, untreated
wastewater, groundwater contamination, poorly disinfected drinking water.

Fever, diarrhea, bloody
stools

Schistosomiasis (immersion)

Schistosoma

Contaminated fresh water
with certain types of snails that carry schistosomes

Rash or itchy skin. Fever,
chills, cough, and muscle aches

Typhoid fever (oral-fecal)

Bacterium (Salmonella
typhi)

Raw sewage (carried and
excreted in feces by humans), water supplies with surface water source.

Fever, headache,
constipation, appetite loss, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal rash

Viral gastroenteritis
(oral-fecal)

Viruses (includes style='font-size:7.5pt'>Norwalk and
rotavirus family)

Sewage, contaminated water,
inadequately disinfected drinking water (mostly surface water sources).

Repeated vomiting and
diarrhea over 24-hour period, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, fever.