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to track planar objects, the motion model is a 2D transformation (affine transformation or homography) of an image of the object (e.g. the initial frame)

when the target is a rigid 3D object, the motion model defines its aspect depending on its 3D position and orientation

for video compression, key frames are divided into macroblocks. The motion model is a disruption of a key frame, where each macroblock is translated by a motion vector given by the motion parameters

the image of deformable objects can be covered with a mesh, the motion of the object is defined by the position of the nodes of the mesh.

Blob tracking: Segmentation of object interior (for example blob detection, block-based correlation or optical flow)

Mean shift clustering or Mean shift analysis: Mean shift analysis is normally applied in the difference image and after few iterations it gives the cluster center.

Contour tracking: Detection of object boundary (e.g. active contours or Condensation algorithm)

Visual feature matching: Registration

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