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Viability means in general "capacity for survival" and is more specifically used to mean a capacity for living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions. Other examples:
In the context of pregnancy, viability refers to either:
an early stage pregnancy that has a chance of reaching full-term and a live birth (as opposed to, for example, an ectopic pregnancy); or
the shortest length of pregnancy after which a child born prematurely has a chance of survival. Generally, this ranges from 20-27 weeks.
In an environmental conservation context, viability indicates the ability of a conservation target to persist for many generations or over long time periods.
In the context of natural selection, the fraction of individuals that survive to a given age.
In the context of economic development, viability indicates the ability of benefits to cover costs in development projects.
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