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The term "text" has multiple meanings depending on the context of its use: In language, text is a broad term for something that contains words to express something. In linguistics a text is a communicative act, fulfilling the seven constitutive and the three regulative principles of textuality. Both speech and written language, or language in other media can be seen as a text within linguistics. In literary theory a text is the object being studied, whether it be a novel, a poem, a film, an advertisement, or anything else with a semiotic component. The broad use of the term derives from the rise of semiotics in the 1960s and was solidified by the later cultural studies of the 1980s, which brought a corresponding broadening of what it was one could talk about when talking about literature; see also discourse. In mobile phone communication, a text (or text message) is a short digital message between devices, typically using SMS (short message service). The act of sending such a message is commonly referred to as texting. In computing, text refers to character data, or to one of the segments of a program in memory. In academics, text is often used as a short form for textbook. In hip hop, text is a thriving form of post-modern poetry popular on the Internet. It is also referred to as scrypt.
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