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The spindles, genus Euonymus, comprise about 170-180 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees. They have a wide distribution in Europe, Asia, Australasia, North America and Madagascar.
The leaves are opposite (rarely alternate) and simple ovoid, typically 2-15 cm long, and usually with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are small, usually greenish white and inconspicuous.
The fruit is a pink-red four- or five- valved pod-like berry, which splits open to reveal the fleshy-coated orange seeds. The seeds are eaten by frugivorous birds, which digest the fleshy seed coat and disperse the seeds in their droppings. All parts of the plants are poisonous to humans if eaten.
Selected species
Euonymus
Cultivation and uses
| | Name | Spindle | | image |  | | Regnum | Plantae | | Divisio | Flowering plant | | Classis | Magnoliopsida | | Ordo | Celastrales | | Familia | Celastraceae | | Genus | Euonymus | | Genus Authority | Carolus Linnaeus | | Subdivision Ranks | Species | | Subdivision | Species |
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Cultivation and uses
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The wood was traditionally used for the making of spindles for spinning wool; this use is the origin of the English name of the shrubs.
Spindles are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red fall colours, and also for the decorative berries.
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