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Sphingomyelin is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath which surrounds some nerve cell axons. Like all sphingolipids, it consists of sphingosine bonded to one fatty acid and one polar head group, which, in sphingomyelins, is either phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine. The fatty acid is attached to the second carbon of sphingosine via an amide linkage. The function of sphingomyelin remained unclear until recently when it was found to have a function in signal transduction. .
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