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Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (stretchability). It is stronger and more durable than rubber, its major non-synthetic competitor. It was invented in 1959 by DuPont chemist Joseph Shivers. When first introduced it revolutionized many areas of the clothing industry.
Spandex is the preferred name in North America and Australia, while elastane is most often used elsewhere, such as in Europe. It turns out that "spandex" was coined from an anagram of "expands." A well-known trademark for spandex or elastane is INVISTA's brand name Lycra®. Other trademarks include Elaspan (also INVISTA's), Dorlastan (Bayer) and Linel (Fillattice).
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Spandex fiber characteristics
Spun from a block copolymer, these fibers exploit the high crystallinity and hardness of polyurethane segments, yet remain "rubbery" due to alternating segments of polyethylene glycol *. This yields the following combination of materials properties:
can be stretched over 600% without breaking
able to be stretched repetitively and still recover original length
poor strength, but stronger and more durable than rubber
resistant to body oils, perspiration, lotions, and detergents
no static or pilling problem
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Major spandex fiber uses
Apparel and clothing articles where stretch is desired, generally for comfort and fit, such as:
athletic, aerobic, and exercise apparel
Shaped garments such as bra cups
In some cases, people with autism can find it calming to wear spandex garments.
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Production
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission definition for spandex fiber is "A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer comprised of at least 85 percent of a segmented polyurethane".
First U.S. commercial spandex fiber production: 1959, DuPont Company
Current U.S. spandex fiber producers: INVISTA; Bayer Corporation; RadiciSpandex Corporation
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Fiction
In comic books, superheroes and superheroines commonly wear costumes made of spandex.
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See also
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