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Parts Skateboards are composed of several key elements. Deck The deck forms the body of the skateboard and provides a place to stand. It is covered with grip tape (silicon carbide grit on a self adhesive backing), which provides traction for the skateboarder's feet. The first decks were usually made from solid oak or ash, and hand-shaped by their owners. Shelves, drawers and table-tops were often used by the first teenage skaters to build their decks. Most decks are constructed with a seven ply, cross-laminated layup of North American maple. Sometimes other, more exotic materials, such as fiberglass, Kevlar and carbon fiber are incorporated into deck construction, usually to lighten the board or increase its strength or rigidity. Modern decks are 7½ to 8½ inches wide . The width of a deck depends on the personal preference of the person who uses it. Most people use 7.5-8 inch wide decks for street, and wider for vert. Skateboard decks are usually between 28 and 32.5 inches long. The longboard, a common variant of the skateboard, has a longer deck. "Old school" boards (those made in the 1970s-80s or modern boards that mimic their shape) are generally wider and often have only one tail. 1970s variants often have little or no concave, whereas 1980s models have deeper concaves and steeper tails. Most decks are pressed with concave in the body, i.e. the area of the board between the nose and the tail kicks. A concave is where the deck dips inward on the top side (where the skater stands), to cup the foot for more control, and to add strength by stiffening the flex. Wheels Trucks Attached to the deck are two metal (usually aluminum alloy) trucks, which connect to the wheels. The trucks are further composed of two parts. The top part of the truck is screwed to the deck and is called the baseplate, and beneath it is the hanger. Between the baseplate and the hanger are bushings, also rubbers or grommets, that provide the cushion mechanism for turning the skateboard. The bushings cushion the truck when it turns. The stiffer the bushings, the more stable the skateboard. The softer the bushings, the easier it is to turn. A bolt called a kingpin holds these parts together and fits inside the bushings. Thus by tightening or loosening the kingpin nut, the trucks can be adjusted for steer. Bearings A skateboard wheel uses two precision ball bearings, usually a '608' (8 mm internal bore) bearing. Many skateboard bearings are graded according to the ABEC scale, which goes from 1-9, in odd numbers. It is a common misconception that higher numbers are better for skateboarding. The ABEC rating only measures tolerances which does not necessarily apply to bearings used for skateboarding. The ABEC rating does not determine how fast or how durable a bearing used for skateboarding will be. Mounting Hardware Mounting hardware is a set of eight 10-32 bolts, usually a truss head, and matching self-lock nylock nuts. They are used to attach the trucks to the board. Optional components Rails, Copers, Lappers, Nose guards and Tail guards were common during the 80s and early 90s period style skateboards, newer types don't have these features anymore. Rails Narrow plastic strips that are fastened under the deck along the edges. Used for additional grip for airs and to enhance sliding while protecting the deck's graphics at the same time. Copers Copers are plastic guards that fit over the top of the truck hanger. They serve to protect the truck during grinds, as they can be easily and cheaply replaced when worn through. They also give a much smoother grinding surface than the hanger itself, allowing for grinds to be longer and cleaner. Lappers A lapper is a plastic cover that is fastened to the inside of the rear truck that protects the kingpin when grinding, and prevents hang-ups by providing a smoother transition for the truck when it hits an obstacle. Nose guard A plastic "bumper" fastened to the nose of a skateboard to protect it from impact. Tail guard A tail guard is a plastic skid plate used to prevent wearing of tail, and as a means to stop the board. Risers Riser or riser pads are made of plastic and go between the truck and the board to provide additional clearance for the wheels to prevent wheel-bite (when the truck turns to a degree where the wheel will contact with the deck and stop spinning). They usually range in height from ⅛″ to ½″. Shock pads are a variation of risers that are usually made of rubber or neoprene. They absorb impact and reduce vibration, which in turn helps prevent hardware from loosening and they can also prevent pressure cracks from forming. | ||||||||||
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