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Shangyang (上庠) was a school founded in Youyu (有虞) period in China. Shun (舜, 2257 BC–2208 BC), the king of the State of Youyu, founded two schools, one was Shangyang(shang(上), means up, high), and the other one was Xiayang (下庠, xia (下) means down, low) 1,2. Shangyang was a place to educate noble youth. Teachers at Shangyang were generally erudite, elder and noble persons. The original meaning of Yang (庠) may be provide for (養) 3. So Yang(including Shangyang and Xiayang) was a place to provide for the aged persons and later to become a place for teaching. Shangyang in Zhou dynasty mainly taught six skills (or six arts, 六藝): Li (禮, convenance), Yue (樂, music), She (射, archery), Yu (禦, charioteering), Shu (書, literature), Shu (數, maths). Shangyang may be the origination of higher education institute of Guoxue (國學, National School, the nation's supreme school, later to be Taixue (太學) and Guozijian (國子監)) in China.
Note 1,《禮記•王制》：“有虞氏養國老於上庠，養庶老於下庠。夏後氏養國老於東序，養庶老於西序。殷人養國老於右學，養庶老於左學。周人養國老於東膠，養庶老於虞庠，虞庠在國之西郊。皆學名也。異者，四代相變，或上西，或上東，或貴在國，或貴在郊。上庠、右學，太學也，在西郊。下庠、左學，小學也，在國中王宮之東。東序、東膠，亦太學，在國中王宮之東。西序、虞庠，亦小學，西序在西郊，周立小學於西郊。國老謂卿大夫致仕者，庶老謂士及庶人在官者。養國老者為太學，養庶老者為小學。” 2,《禮書》：“四代之學，虞則上庠、下庠，夏則東序、西序，商則右學、左學，周則東膠、虞庠，而周則又有辟雍、成均、瞽宗之名。則上庠、東序、右學、東膠，太學也，故國老於之養焉；下庠、西序、左學、虞庠，小學也，故庶老於之養焉。” 3,《孟子》：“設為庠序學校以教之。庠者養也，校者教也，序者射也。夏曰校，殷曰序，周曰庠。學則三代共之，皆所以明人倫也。” Reference | ||||||||
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