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Background The Adventures of Pinocchio is a story about an animated puppet, talking crickets, boys that turn into mules and other assorted fairy tale-like devices that would be familiar to a reader of Alice in Wonderland or Brothers Grimm—in fact earlier in his career Collodi worked on a translation of Mother Goose. However Pinocchio is not a traditional fairy-tale world, containing as it does the hard realities of the need for food, shelter and other basic measures of daily life, even the setting of the story is the very real Tuscan area of Italy. It was a unique literary melding of genres for its time. Pinocchio draws from classical sources, such as Homer and Dante, but more significantly is a part of the Tuscan novella or short-story tradition which found its genesis in Boccaccio's Decameron (1353) — as Glauco Cambon wrote: "Storytelling is a folk art in the Tuscan countryside, and has been for centuries.. Pinocchio's relentless variety of narrative incident, its alertness to social types, its tongue-in-cheek wisdom are of a piece with that illustrious tradition." Collodi had not originally intended the work as children's literature; the ending was unhappy and allegorically dealt with serious themes. In the original serialized version, Pinocchio seemingly dies a gruesome death, hanged for his innumerable faults at the end of chapter 15. At the request of his editor, Collodi added chapters 16–36, in which the Blue Fairy rescues Pinocchio and eventually turns him into a real boy when he acquires a deeper understanding of himself, making it more suitable for children. The Blue Fairy, a female motherly figure, plays the dominant role in the second half of the book, versus the fatherly figure of Geppetto in the first part. Children's literature was a new idea in Collodi's time, an innovation in nineteenth-century Italy (and elsewhere). Thus in content and style it was new and modern, opening the way to many writers of the following century. Collodi, who died in 1890, was respected during his lifetime as a talented writer and social commentator, but his fame did not begin to grow until Pinocchio was translated into English for the first time in 1892, but in particular with the widely read Everyman's Library edition of 1911. The popularity of the story was bolstered by the powerful philosopher-critic Benedetto Croce who had great admiration for the tale. Several of the book's concepts have become commonplace, particularly the proverbial long nose for liars. The name "Pinocchio" is from Tuscany and means "pine nut" or "kernel". Its Italian language is peppered with Florence dialect features. Analysis
Derivative works There are at least fourteen English-language films based on the story, not to mention the Italian, French, Russian, German, Japanese, and many other versions for the big screen and for television. Notable film versions include: Other adaptations include: See also Notes Further reading | ||||||||||||
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