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Paparazzi is a plural term (paparazzo being the singular form••) for photographers who take candid photographs of celebrities, usually by relentlessly shadowing them in their public and private activities. Celebrities claiming to have been hounded by such photographers often use "paparazzi" as a pejorative term• while news agencies commonly use the word in a broader sense to describe all photographers who take pictures of people of note.•
Techniques Technological developments in cameras (such as higher quality telephoto lenses and high speed films) enable paparazzi to "shoot" their prey from afar and remain unknown to their subjects. Miniaturization allows tiny palm-sized cameras that can effectively engage in secret photography. Further, digital cameras and transmission methods allow for rapid distribution of the pictures. Restrictions Due to the reputation of paparazzi as an annoyance, some states and countries (particularly within Europe) restrict their activities by passing laws and curfews, and by staging events in which paparazzi are specifically allowed to take photographs. The presence of paparazzi is not always seen as annoying; the arranger of an event may, in order to make the guests feel important, hire a number of actors who pretend they are paparazzi (so-called "faux-paparazzi"). This was, for instance, seen at extravaganza events during the dot-com boom. Paparazzi argue that they are not in the business of taking intrusive photographs for their own perverse pleasure; instead, they sell their work to dozens of magazines and newspapers that publish such photos for their readers and subscribers. It is this public thirst that drives editors to pay up to $50,000 (or more) for a single "scoop" photograph. Many paparazzi feel that they are helping celebrities and public figures in general by increasing their publicity. Also, this is a lucrative business for both sides; not only can photographers earn large sums of money for a high-demand picture, but celebrities may also make money because the media attention often bolsters—or creates—fan support. Paparazzi in the news In 1999, the Oriental Daily News of Hong Kong was found guilty of "scandalizing the court", an extremely rare criminal charge that the newspaper's conduct would undermine confidence in the administration of justice.• The charge was brought after the newspaper had published abusive articles challenging the judiciary's integrity and accusing it of bias in a lawsuit the paper had instigated over a photo of a pregnant Faye Wong. The paper had also arranged for a "puppy team" to track a judge for 72 hours, to provide the judge with first-hand experience with what paparazzi do.• Some observers blamed paparazzi for the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales, and Dodi Al-Fayed, who were killed in 1997 in a high-speed automobile accident in Paris, France, while being pursued by paparazzi. Although several paparazzi were briefly taken into custody, no one was ever convicted, and the official French investigation of the crash concluded that they had not caused the accident. According to an article in Time Magazine • , Time Style and Design, Fall 2005, Mel Bouzad, one of the top paparazzi in Los Angeles, is a twenty-six year old man who makes it his business to know where celebrities will be at any given time. Bouzad's job is to take marketable pictures of celebrities. The article continues to say that Bouzad (like many other photographers) moved to Los Angeles with only his camera and a change of clothes, only to become a very successful businessman, running his own company, MB Pictures. Bouzad told Time how much money is involved in the business by claiming to have made $150,000 for a picture of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez in Georgia after their breakup. He also claimed, "If I get a picture of Britney and her baby, I'll be able to buy a house in those hills," referring to the luxurious homes in the hills above Sunset Boulevard. Also according to Time, Peter Howe, the author of Paparazzi, says, "celebrities need a higher level of exposure than the rest of us ... so it is a two-way street. The celebrities manipulate." Waparazzi A new term for amateur photographers at major events was coined in February 2006 by Orange (UK).• Wrote MediaGuardian, "fans armed with mobile phones were given their very own press pen outside the Odeon Leicester Square. And the name for this new breed of amateur snappers? Why, the waparazzi, of course."• (WAP is an abbreviation of Wireless Application Protocol.) Footnotes | ||||||||
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