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Pan-Africanism literally means 'all Africanism'. It is a sociopolitical world-view, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify and uplift both native Africans and those of the African diaspora, as part of a "global African community". Pan-Africanism - promotion of the cultural unity of African people that were struggling for freedom. As originally conceived by Henry Sylvestre-Williams (note: some history books credit this idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden) pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Black African cultures and countries. The concept soon expanded, however, to include all Black African-descended people worldwide, especially those who had been dispersed to the United States of America, represented by the red, black, and green flag, the red standing for the blood men must shed for their redemption and liberty, the green standing for the vegetation of the Black races' African motherland and the black for African descended people themselves. Also used in the pan-African movement are the Ethiopian colors red, gold and green. The red and green standing for the same principles as Garvey's flag and the gold for the mineral wealth of Ethioipia/Africa. Also a branch of the pan-African movement is the Afrocentric movement, of whom Cheikh Anta Diop and his "ideological son" Molefi Kete Asante are the champions. This movement centers on reexaming African history from a pro-African perspective as opposed to the a pro-European one, a return to traditional African concepts and culture and often espouses the view that Egypt and some other civilizations were and should be acknowledged as having Black African origin. Africentric like Afrocentric of whom Dr. Kwabena Faheem Ashanti, Ph.D espouses this view in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch.Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Dr Francis Ohanyido a Nigerian Philosopher- Poet .See brief biography on Africa Resource website. Also associated with pan-Africanism is Black Nationalism. During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Black South Africans under White apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organizations include Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. Also related to Pan-Africanism is the academic discipline of Pan-African Studies. Departments of Pan-African Studies have existed in many North American universities since the 1960s. See also African studies. Pan-Africanism is often criticized for overlooking the cultural and ethnic differences as well as different socio-political circumstances among Blacks worldwide.
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