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In cryptography, Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) is a padding scheme often used together with RSA encryption. The OAEP algorithm is a form of feistel network which uses a pair of random oracles G and H to process the plaintext prior to asymmetric encryption. When combined with any secure trapdoor one-way function , this processing is proved in the random oracle model to result in a combined scheme which is semantically secure under chosen plaintext attack (IND-CPA). When implemented with certain trapdoor functions (e.g., RSA), OAEP is also proved secure against chosen ciphertext attack.
OAEP satisfies the following two goals:
Prevent partial decryption of ciphertexts (or other information leakage) by ensuring that an adversary cannot recover any portion of the plaintext without completely defeating the trapdoor one-way function .
The original version of OAEP (Bellare/Rogaway, 1994) claimed a form of "plaintext awareness" that implied security against chosen ciphertext attack. Subsequent results contradicted this result. However, for various reasons, the original scheme was proved in the random oracle model to be secure when OAEP is used with the RSA function using standard encryption exponents, as in the case of RSA-OAEP. An improved scheme called OAEP+ was offered by Victor Shoup to solve this problem.
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