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The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. There are many natural hybrids. The type species is Ophrys insectifera L.1753
They are referred to as the "Bee orchids" due to the flowers of some species resemblance to the furry bodies of Bumble Bees and other insects. Their scientific name is derived from the Greek word "ophrys", meaning "eyebrow", referring to the furry edges of the lips of several species.
Ophrys was first mentioned in the book "Natural History" by Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD).
They are terrestrial or ground orchids from central to South Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, up to the Caucasus Mountains, but mostly around the Mediterranean. They are considered the most important group of European terrestrial orchids.
During summer all Ophrys orchids are dormant as an underground bulbous tuber, which serves as a food reserve. In late summer/autumn they develop a rosette of leaves. Also a new tuber starts to grow and matures until the following spring; the old tuber slowly dies. The next spring the flowering stem starts to grow. During flowering the leaves already start to wither.
Most Ophrys orchids are dependent on symbiotic fungi. Because of this, some species only develop small alternate leaves. They cannot be transplanted due to this symbiosis. The shiny, basal leaves have a green or bluish color.
The flowers surpass all other European orchids. Two to twelve flowers grow on an erect stem with basal leaves. They are absolutely unique not only because of their unequaled beauty, color range and exceptional forms, but also because of the ingenuity by which they attract insects. Their lip mimics several insects, such as that of a bee, a wasp, or a beetle, attracting and duping the right pollinator. This visual cue serves as a close-range attractant. This pollination mimicry is enhanced by producing the scent of the receptive female insect. This is the long-range attractant. These insect pheromones cause them to approach and investigate the flowers more closely. This all happens in a period that only males are active and females haven't appeared yet.
The Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora) is a typical example. It has flowers that look and smell so much like female Bumble Bees that males flying nearby are irresistibly drawn in by this chemical signal, stimulating them sexually. The insect gets so excited that he starts to copulate with the flower. This is termed pseudocopulation. The firmness, the smoothness and the velvety hairs of the lip are a further incentive for the insect to enter the flower. The pollinia inadvertently stick to the head or the abdomen of the male bumblebee. On visiting another orchid of the same species, the bumblebee pollinates its sticky stigma with the pollinia. The filaments of the pollinia have, during transport, taken such a position that the waxy pollen are able to stick to the stigma. Such is the refinement of the reproduction. If the filaments hadn’t taken the new position, the pollinia could not have pollinated the new orchid.
Every Ophrys orchid has its own pollinator insect and is completely dependent on this species for its survival. Furthermore, duped males are not likely to return. They even ignore other plants of the same species. Therefore, only about 10% of an Ophrys population gets pollinated. This is enough to preserve the population, since each Ophrys orchid produces about 12,000 minute seeds.
Ophrys
Species
Natural hybrids
| | Name | Ophrys | | image |  | | Regnum | Plantae | | Divisio | flowering plant | | Classis | monocotyledon | | Ordo | Asparagales | | Familia | Orchidaceae | | Subfamilia | Orchidoideae | | Tribus | Orchideae | | Subtribus | Orchidinae | | Alliance | Orchis | | Genus | Ophrys | | Genus Authority | Carolus Linnaeus | | Subdivision Ranks | Species | | Subdivision | Species |
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Species
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The genus has been subdivided in several sections and subsections
Ophrys sect. Apiferae Quentin
Ophrys sect. Argolicae Verm. ex Quentin
Ophrys subsect. Atticae Quentin
Ophrys sect. Bertoloniorum Quentin
Ophrys sect. Mammosae Quentin
Ophrys sect. Reinholdiae Quentin
Ophrys sect. Tenthrediniferae Quentin
Ophrys sect. Umbilicatae Quentin
Ophrys amanensis subsp. antalyensis (Kreutz & Seckel) Kreutz
Ophrys amanensis subsp. iceliensis (Kreutz) Kreutz
Ophrys apifera var. apifera
Ophrys apifera var. aurita
Ophrys apifera var. basiliensis
Ophrys apifera var. botteroni
Ophrys apifera var. bicolor
Ophrys apifera var. curviflora A.Soulié 2004 (France)
Ophrys apifera var. friburgensis
Ophrys apifera var. immaculata
Ophrys apifera var. trollii
Ophrys arachnitiformis subsp. archipelagi (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
Ophrys arachnitiformis subsp. cilentana (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. argentaria (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. cretensis (H.Baumann & Künkele) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. illyrica (S.Hertel & K.Hertel) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. quadriloba (Rchb.f.) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. tommasinii (Vis.) Kreutz
Ophrys araneola subsp. virescens (Philippe ex Gren.) Kreutz
Ophrys aranifera var. quadriloba Rchb.f.
Ophrys aranifera beta. virescens Gren
Ophrys argolica subsp. biscutella (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Kreutz
Ophrys argolica subsp. icariensis (M.Hirth & H.Spaeth) Kreutz
Ophrys argolica subsp. morisii (Martelli) Kreutz
Ophrys argolica subsp. pollinensis (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Kreutz
Ophrys atlantica subsp. atlantica (S. Spain, NW. Africa). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys atlantica subsp. hayekii (Sicilia, Tunisia). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys attaviria subsp. cesmeensis - now synonym of Ophrys cesmeensis (Kreutz) P.Delforge 2004
Ophrys aurelia - now synonym of Ophrys bertolonii subsp. aurelia (P.Delforge, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys bertolonii subsp. aurelia (P.Delforge, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys bertolonii subsp. balearica (Baleares).
Ophrys bertolonii subsp. bertolonii (W. & C. Medit.)
Ophrys bertolonii subsp. drumana (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys bilunulata (now synonym of Ophrys fusca subsp. bilunulata (Risso) Aldasoro & L.Sáez 2005)
Ophrys bornmuelleri var. ziyaretiana (Kreutz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge
Ophrys bornmuelleri subsp. ziyaretiana (Kreutz & Ruedi Peter) Kreutz
Ophrys calypsus M.Hirth & H.Spaeth - now synonym of Ophrys heldreichii subsp. calypsus (M.Hirth & H.Spaeth) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys calypsus var. pseudoapulica (P.Delforge) P.Delforge
Ophrys calypsus var. scolopaxoides (P.Delforge) P.Delforge
Ophrys candica subsp. calliantha (Bartolo & Pulv.) Kreutz
Ophrys candica subsp. lacaena (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys candica subsp. lyciensis (H.F.Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Kreutz
Ophrys cerastes var. minuscula (G.Thiele & W.Thiele) Devillers & Devillers-Tersch
Ophrys ceto Devillers, Devillers-Tersch. & P.Delforge (Greece)
Ophrys ciliata subsp. lusitanica
Ophrys ciliata var. orientalis (Paulus) Kreutz
Ophrys ciliata subsp. regis-ferdinandii
Ophrys cornuta f. crassicornis Renz - now synonym of Ophrys crassicornis (Renz) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers
Ophrys cornutula (East Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of Ophrys oestrifera subsp. cornutula (Paulus) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys dodekanensis (East Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of Ophrys oestrifera subsp. dodekanensis (H.Kretzschmar & Kreutz) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys drumana - now synonym of Ophrys bertolonii subsp. drumana (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys eleonorae - now synonym of Ophrys iricolor subsp. eleonorae (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys exaltata subsp. tyrrhena (Italy).
Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. anafiensis (Greece) .
Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. ferrum-equinum (Albania to SW. & S. Turkey).
Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. gottfriediana (Greece).
Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. minor (Greece)
Ophrys fusca ssp. bilunulata (Risso) Aldasoro & L.Sáez (2005)
Ophrys fusca ssp. blitopertha (Aegean Is. to SW. Turkey)
Ophrys fusca ssp. cinereophila (S. Greece to N. Syria).
Ophrys fusca ssp. funerea
Ophrys fusca ssp. fusca (Medit.)
Ophrys fusca ssp. minima (France)
Ophrys fusca ssp. vasconica (SW. Europe).
Ophrys garganica E.Nelson ex O.Danesch & E.Danesch - now a synonym of Ophrys passionis var. garganica (E.Nelson ex O.Danesch & E.Danesch) P.Delforge
Ophrys garganica subsp. majellensis (Helga Daiss & Herm.Daiss) Kreutz
Ophrys garganica subsp. sipontensis (R.Lorenz & Gembardt) Kreutz
Ophrys hebes var. negadensis (G.Thiele & W.Thiele) Kreutz
Ophrys heldreichii subsp. calypsus (M.Hirth & H.Spaeth) Kreutz
Ophrys heldreichii subsp. pharia (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz
Ophrys heldreichii subsp. pseudoapulica (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys helios (Crete) - now synonym of Ophrys holosericea subsp. helios (Kreutz) Kreutz
Ophrys herae subsp. janrenzii (M.Hirth) M.Hirth 2005
Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter (syn. Ophrys fuciflora) (W. & C. Europe to Medit.)
Ophrys holosericea subsp. aeoli (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. aramaeorum (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica ssp. biancae (SE. Sicilia).
Ophrys holoserica ssp. bornmuelleri (E. Medit. to N. Iraq).
Ophrys holoserica ssp. candica (SE. Italy to SW. Turkey).
Ophrys holoserica ssp. chestermanii (SW. Sardegna).
Ophrys holosericea subsp. dinarica (Kranjcev & P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica ssp. elatior (France to S. Germany).
Ophrys holosericea subsp. episcopalis (Poir.) Kreutz
Ophrys fuciflora ssp. gracilis
Ophrys holosericea subsp. gresivaudanica (O.Gerbaud) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. halia (Paulus) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica nothosubsp. halicarnassia (Turkey).
Ophrys holosericea subsp. helios (Kreutz) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica ssp. holoserica (W. & C. Europe to Medit.)
Ophrys holosericea subsp. holubyana (András.) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. homeri (M.Hirth & H.Spaeth) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica ssp. lacaitae (Sicilia to S. Italy).
Ophrys holosericea subsp. linearis (Moggr.) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. lorenae (E.De Martino & Centur.) Kreutz
Ophrys holoserica ssp. maxima (Crete to SW. & S. Turkey, Israel).
Ophrys holoserica ssp. oxyrrhynchos (Sardegna to Sicilia, Italy).
Ophrys holosericea (subsp. posidonia (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. serotina (Rolli ex Paulus) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. tetraloniae (W.P.Teschner) Kreutz
Ophrys holosericea subsp. untchjii (M.Schulze) Kreutz
Ophrys iceliensis (Turkey) - now synonym of Ophrys amanensis subsp. iceliensis (Kreutz) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys illyrica (Croatia) - now synonym of Ophrys araneola subsp. illyrica (S.Hertel
& K.Hertel) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys incubacea subsp. brutia (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys incubacea subsp. castri-caesaris Looken (2005) (France)
Ophrys incubacea subsp. garganica
Ophrys insectifera subsp. insectifera (Europe).
Ophrys insectifera]] f. luteomarginata L. Lewis 2006 (England)
Ophrys iricolor subsp. astypalaeica (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys iricolor subsp. eleonorae (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys iricolor subsp. iricolor (E. Medit.)
Ophrys iricolor subsp. lojaconoi (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys iricolor subsp. maxima (Corse, Sardegna, Tunisia) T
Ophrys iricolor subsp. mesaritica (Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) Kreutz
Ophrys latakiana (Syria) - now a synonym of Ophrys oestrifera subsp. latakiana (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys laurensis Geniez & Melki - now a synonym of Ophrys lutea subsp. laurensis (Geniez & Melki) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys lutea subsp. archimedea (P.Delforge & M.Walravens) Kreutz
Ophrys lutea subsp. battandieri (E.G.Camus) Kreutz
Ophrys lutea subsp. laurensis (Geniez & Melki) Kreutz
Ophrys lutea ssp. lutea (W. & C. Medit.)
Ophrys lutea subsp. numida (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys lutea ssp. pseudospeculum (Medit.)
Ophrys lyciensis (Turkey) - now synonym of Ophrys candica subsp. lyciensis (H.F.Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys mammosa subsp. leucophthalma (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Ophrys mammosa subsp. macedonica (H.Fleischm. ex Soó) Kreutz
Ophrys morio Paulus & Kreutz (Cyprus) - now a synonym of Ophrys transhyrcana subsp. morio (Paulus & Kreutz) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys negadensis (Greece) - now synonym of Ophrys hebes var. negadensis (G.Thiele & W.Thiele) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. akcakarae Kreutz 2006 (Turkey)
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. bicornis (Sadler) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. cornutula (Paulus) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. dodekanensis (H.Kretzschmar & Kreutz) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. hygrophila (Gügel, Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. karadenizensis (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. latakiana (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. leptomera (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. minutula (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. rhodostephane (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. schlechteriana (Soó) Kreutz
Ophrys oestrifera subsp. zinsmeisteri (A.Fuchs) Kreutz
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. algarvensis (D.Tyteca, Benito & M.Walravens) Kreutz
Ophrys omegaifera ssp. dyris (S. Iberian Pen, Baleares, Morocco).
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. hayekii (H.Fleischm. & Soó) Kreutz
Ophrys omegaifera ssp. omegaifera (C. & E. Medit.)
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. sitiaca (Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) Kreutz
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. vasconica (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Kreutz
Ophrys oxyrrhynchossubsp. biancae
Ophrys oxyrrhynchossubsp. calliantha
Ophrys passionis var. garganica (E.Nelson ex O.Danesch & E.Danesch) P.Delforge
Ophrys picta - now synonym of Ophrys scolopax subsp. picta (Link) Kreutz
Ophrys pseudobertolonii ssp. bertoloniiformis (W. & C. Medit.) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys pseudobertolonii ssp. pseudobertolonii (N. Italy) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys reinholdii ssp. reinholdii (Balkan Pen. to SW. Turkey) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys reinholdii ssp. straussii (S. & SE. Turkey to NW. Iran) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys rhodostephane Devillers & Devillers-Tersch (Croatia) - now a synonym of Ophrys oestrifera subsp. rhodostephane (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys scolopax ssp. cornuta Horned Orchid (Hungary to Turkey).
Ophrys scolopax ssp. heldreichii (Greece to SW. Turkey, Cyprus)
Ophrys scolopax subsp. picta (Link) Kreutz
Ophrys scolopax ssp. scolopax (Medit. to Caucasus)
Ophrys scolopax subsp. vetula (Risso) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes ssp. aesculapii (Albania to S. Turkey).
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. argensonensis (J.-C.Guérin & A.Merlet) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. grammica (B.Willing & E.Willing) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. herae (M.Hirth & H.Spaeth) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. massiliensis (Viglione & Véla) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes ssp. oodicheila
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. panormitana (Tod.) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes ssp. parnassica (Greece, Crete).
Ophrys sphegodes ssp. sphegodes (W. & S. Europe to Crimea).
Ophrys sphegodes ssp. sicula
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. tarquinia (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. zeusii (M.Hirth) Kreutz,
Ophrys spruneri ssp. panormitana (Sicilia).
Ophrys spruneri ssp. spruneri (Greece to Israel)
Ophrys straussii subsp. antiochiana (H.Baumann & Künkele) Kreutz
Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. aprilia (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz
Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. grandiflora (Ten.) Kreutz
Ophrys tenthredinifera var. guimaraesii (D.Tyteca) Kreutz
Ophrys transhyrcana subsp. morio (Paulus & Kreutz) Kreutz
Ophrys transhyrcana subsp. sintenisii (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Kreutz
Ophrys umbilicata ssp. attica (Corse to Iran).
Ophrys umbilicata ssp. umbilicata (E. Medit. to S. Iran).
Ophrys vernixia ssp. ciliata (Medit.)
Ophrys vernixia ssp. orientalis (Greece) - now synonym of Ophrys ciliata var. orientalis (Paulus) Kreutz 2004
Ophrys vernixia ssp. regis-ferdinandii (E. Aegean Is. to SW. Turkey)
Ophrys vernixia ssp. vernixia (WC. & S. Portugal, N. Spain).
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Natural hybrids
Ophrys × aghemanii (O. scolopax subsp. cornuta × O. turcomanica) (Iran).
Ophrys × albertiana (O. apifera × O. holosericea) (Europe).
Ophrys × albertiana nothosubsp. albertiana (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × albertiana nothosubsp. morellensis (O. apifera × O. holoserica ssp. candica) (Italy) Tuber geophyte.
Ophrys × alibertiana (O. spruneri × O. tenthredinifera) (Crete).
Ophrys × ambrosii (O. fusca ssp. minima × O. vasconica) (Europe)
Ophrys × angelensis (O. incubacea × O. promontorii) (Italy).
Ophrys × anomala (O. maxima × O. scolopax ssp. heldreichii) (Crete)
Ophrys × apicula (O. insectifera × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (Europe).
Ophrys × apicula nothosubsp. apicula (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × apicula nothosubsp. fabrei (O. insectifera subsp. aymoninii × O. sphegodes subsp. arenosa) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × argentariensis (O. crabronifera × O. incubacea) (Europe)
Ophrys × aschersonii (O. holosericea × O. sphegodes) (Europe).
Ophrys × azurea (O. promontorii × O. pseudobertolonii) (Italy).
Ophrys x barbaricina (. (O.ciliata x O.morisii). (Sardinia)
Ophrys × barlae (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × bastianii (O. magniflora × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
Ophrys × battandieri (O. fusca × O. lutea) (NW. Africa).
Ophrys × baumanniana (O. cretica × O. sphegodes) (Crete)
Ophrys × bayeri (O. fusca × O. omegaifera ssp. fleischmannii) (Cyprus).
Ophrys × benoitiana (O. incubacea × O. sphegodes ssp. lunulata) (Sicily).
Ophrys × bergonii (O. saratoi × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
Ophrys × bernardii (O. aveyronensis × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
Ophrys × bilineata (O. bertolonii × O. sphegodes) (Europe)
Ophrys × bodegomii (O. passionis × O. tenthredinifera) (Spain).
Ophrys × borakisiana (O. fusca × O. mammosa) (E. Aegean Is.).
Ophrys × borgersiae (O. reinholdii × O. spruneri) (Greece).
Ophrys × boscoquartensis (O. biscutella × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
Ophrys × bourlieri (O. iricolor × O. lutea × O. tenthredinifera). (N. Africa).
Ophrys × braunblanquetiana (O. fusca × O. incubacea) (Corse, Italy).
Ophrys × broeckii (O. arachnitiformis × O. araneola) (Europe)
Ophrys × burneriana (O. sphegodes ssp. cretensis × O. spruneri) (Crete)
Ophrys × campolati (O. promontorii × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy.
Ophrys × camusii (O. exaltata × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
Ophrys × carica (O. ferrum-equinum × O. holosericea) (Turkey.
Ophrys × carpinensis (O. biscutella × O. scolopax ssp. cornuta) (Italy).
Ophrys × carquierannensis (O. exaltata ssp. arachnitiformis × O. fusca) (France).
Ophrys × cascalesii (O. sphegodes ssp. araneola × O. passionis) (France).
Ophrys × chiesesica (O. drumana × O. fuciflora) (Europe)
Ophrys × chimaera (O. bertolonii × O. sulcata) (Europe)
Ophrys × chobautii (O. lutea × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (SW. Europe).
Ophrys × circaea (O. apifera × O. bombyliflora) (Italy).
Ophrys × clapensis (O. bombyliflora × O. lutea) (France).
Ophrys × composita (O. scolopax × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × corcyrensis (O. ferrum-equinum × O. sphegodes) (Greece).
Ophrys × cortesii (O. incubacea × O. araneola) (France)
Ophrys × cosana (O. bombyliflora × O. incubacea) (France)
Ophrys × costei (O. aveyronensis × O. passionis) (France)
Ophrys × couloniana (O. bertolonii × O. promontorii) (Italy).
Ophrys × cranbrookeana (O. exaltata ssp. arachnitiformis × O. scolopax) (France).
Ophrys × cugniensis (O. bertolonii × O. lutea) (Sicilia).
Ophrys × daneschianum (O. bertoloniiformis × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × delphinensis (O. argolica × O. scolopax ssp. cornuta) (S. Greece).
Ophrys x denisiana ((O.bertolonii subsp. explanata x O.ciliata subsp. ciliata) (Sicilia)
Ophrys × devenensis (O. holosericea × O. insectifera) (Europe).
Ophrys × diakoptensis (O. delphinensis × O. spruneri) (Greece).
Ophrys × domitia (O. bombyliflora × O. lutea ssp. pseudospeculum) (France)
Ophrys × domus-maria (O. apifera var. ? apifera × O. morisii) (France)
Ophrys × duvigneaudiana (O. araneola × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
Ophrys × eliasii (O. fusca × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × eliasii nothosubsp. conimbricensis (O. fusca × O. vernixia) (Portugal) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × eliasii nothosubsp. eliasii (S. Europe). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × emmae (O. bertolonii × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × enobarbia (O. bertolonii × O. fuciflora) (France)
Ophrys × epidavrensis (O. argolica × O. sphegodes ssp. aesculapii) (Greece).
Ophrys × estacensis (O. fuciflora × O. splendida) (France)
Ophrys × ettlingeriana (O. argolica × O. umblicata ssp. attica) (Greece).
Ophrys × extorris (O. holosericea × O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (Austria).
Ophrys × fabrei (O. araneola × O. aymoninii) (France)
Ophrys × fayacensis (O. arachnitiformis × O. provincialis) (France)
Ophrys × feldwegiana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
Ophrys × fernandii (O. bombyliflora × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (France).
Ophrys × ferruginea (O. fusca × O. holoserica) (Italy).
Ophrys × flahaultii (O. apifera var. ? apifera × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × flavicans (O. araneola × O. bertolonii) (France)
Ophrys × gauthieri (O. fusca ssp. fusca × O. lutea ssp. lutea) (France)
Ophrys × godferyana (O. arachnitiformis × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × grafiana (O. bombyliflora × O. umblicata ssp. attica) (Greece)
Ophrys × grampinii (O. sphegodes × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy to Sicilia).
Ophrys × grinincensis (O. provincialis x O. saratoi)
Ophrys × gumprechtii (O. bertolonii × O. holosericea ssp. parvimaculata) (Italy).
Ophrys × gumprechtii nothosubsp. enobarbia (O. bertolonii × O. holosericea) (Italy). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × gumprechtii nothosubsp. gumprechtii (Italy). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × heraultii (O. tenthredinifera × O. vernixia subsp. ciliata) (Baleares).
Ophrys × hoeppneri (O. bombyliflora × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
Ophrys × hybrida (O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × insidiosa (O. aegirtica × O. apifera) (France)
Ophrys × inzengae (O. bertolonii × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × jacquetii (O. araneola × O. magniflora) (France)
Ophrys × jarigei (O. fusca ssp. minima × O. sphegodes)) (France)
Ophrys × jeanpertii (O. araneola × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × joannae (O. atlantica × O. iricolor) (N. Africa).
Ophrys × kalteiseniana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. reinholdii) (Greece to Turkey).
Ophrys × kelleri (O. exaltata subsp. arachnitiformis × O. incubacea) (France to Italy, S. Turkmenistan).
Ophrys × kohlmuellerorum (O. scolopax ssp. scolopax × O. sulcata) (France)
Ophrys × kreutziana (O. kotschyi × O. mammosa) (Cyprus).
Ophrys × kulpensis (O. phrygia × O. schulzei) (Turkey)
Ophrys × kurzeorum (O. atlantica × O. omegaifera ssp. dyris) (Spain) .
Ophrys × laconensis (O. arachniiformis × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × leguerrierae (O. lutea ssp. ? × O. araneola) (France)
Ophrys × lievreae (O. iricolor × O. tenthredinifera) (N. Africa).
Ophrys × lithinensis (O. omegaifera × O. sitiaca) (Crete).
Ophrys × llenasii (O. incubacea × O. scolopax) (SW. Europe).
Ophrys × luizetii (O. apifera × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (France)
Ophrys × lumenii (O. bertolonii × O. ciliata) (France)
Ophrys × lupiae (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
Ophrys × lydia (O. mammosa × O. vernixia ssp. regis-ferdinandii) (Greece to Turkey).
Ophrys × lydia nothosubsp. lydia (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × lydia nothosubsp. magnessa (O. mammosa × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × lyrata (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea) (France)
Ophrys × macchiatii (O. sphegodes × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × maladroxiensis (O. holosericea × O. morisii) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × maladroxiensis nothosubsp. daissiorum (O. holosericea ssp. chestermanii × O. morisii) (Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × maladroxiensis nothosubsp. maladroxiensis (Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × manfredoniae (O. incubacea × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
Ophrys × maremmae (O. holosericea subsp. fuciflora × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
Ophrys × marmarensis (O. holosericea × O. umbilicata) (E. Aegean Is.).
Ophrys × mastii (O. ferrum-equinum × O. spruneri) (Greece).
Ophrys × methonensis (O. argolica × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
Ophrys × minuticauda (O. apifera × O. scolopax) (France, Sardegna).
Ophrys × minuticauda nothosubsp. donorensis (O. apifera × O. scolopax ssp. conradiae) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × minuticauda nothosubsp. minuticauda (France) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × mirtiae (O. sicula × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
Ophrys × monachorum (O. exaltata × O. fuciflora) (France)
Ophrys × montis-angeli (O. biscutella × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy)
Ophrys × montis-leonis (O. arachniformis × O. fuciflora ssp. fuciflora) (France)
Ophrys × montserratensis (SW. Europe).
Ophrys montserratensis nothosubsp. montserratensis (Spain) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys montserratensis nothosubsp. neoruppertii (O. bertolonii × O. scolopax) (France). Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × moreana (O. argolica × O. ferrum-equinum) (Greece).
Ophrys × morensis (O. incubacea × O. praecox) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × mulierum (O. mammosa × O. reinholdii) (Greece).
Ophrys × nelsonii (O. insectifera × O. scolopax) (France).
Ophrys × neocamusii (O. arachnitiformis × O. aurelia) (France)
Ophrys × neorupperti (O. aurelia × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
Ophrys × neowalteri (O. bertolonii × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (France).
Ophrys × obscura (O. fuciflora ssp. fuciflora × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × olbiensis (O. bombyliflora × O. scolopax) (France).
Ophrys × panattensis (O. conradiae × O. morisii) (France)
Ophrys × pano-lefkaron (O. iricolor × O. mammosa) (E. Aegean Is. (Rodos) to Cyprus).
Ophrys × pantaliciensis (O. incubacea × O. vernixia subsp. ciliata) (Sicilia).
Ophrys × paphosiana (O. kotschyi × O. umbilicata) (Cyprus).
Ophrys × peloponnesiaca (O. argolica × O. mammosa) (Greece).
Ophrys × peltieri (O. scolopax × O. tenthredinifera) (N. Africa).
Ophrys × personii (O. lutea × O. tentherdiniffera) (Italy).
Ophrys × perspicua (O. holosericea × O. phrygia) (Turkey).
Ophrys × pesseiae (O. morisii × O. panattensis) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × philippei (O. scolopax × O. sphegodes) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × pietzschii (O. apifera × O. insectifera) (Europe).
Ophrys × piscinica (O. incubacea × O. lutea) (Italy).
Ophrys × plorae (O. cretica × O. spruneri) (Crete).
Ophrys × poisneliae (O. insectifera ssp. aymoninii × O. pseudobertolonii ssp. catalaunica) (Spain)
Ophrys × provecta (O. bilunulata × O. omegaifera subsp. dyris) (Spain).
Ophrys × pseudofunerea (O.funerea × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × pseudofusca (O. fusca × O. sphegodes) (S. Europe)
Ophrys × pseudoquadriloba (O. lutea × O. mammosa) (Greece).
Ophrys × pseudospruneri (O. mammosa × O. spruneri) (Greece).
Ophrys × pugliana (O. holosericea × O. oxyrrhynchos) (Italy).
Ophrys × pulchra (Ophrys araneola × Ophrys holoserica) (France, Germany)
Ophrys × quadriloba (O. lutea ssp. lutea × O. sphegodes) (France)
Ophrys × quintartiana (O. ariadnae × O. ferrum-equinum) (Greece).
Ophrys × ragusana (O. bombyliflora × O. exaltata) (France)
Ophrys × raimbaultii (O. incubacea × O. magniflora) (France)
Ophrys × rainei (O. bombyliflora × O. incubacea) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × rasbachii (O. argolica × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
Ophrys × rauschertii (O. apifera × O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (Europe).
Ophrys × raynaudii (O. argolica × O. reinholdii) (Greece).
Ophrys × rechingeri (O. ferrum-equinum × O. mammosa) (Greece, Crete).
Ophrys × regis-minois (O. cretica × O. scolopax ssp. heldreichii) (Crete)
Ophrys × rovittellii (O. exaltata × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × royanensis (O. drumana × O. insectifera) (France)
Ophrys × salvatoris (O. bertolonii × O. biscutella) (Italy).
Ophrys × samuelii (O. drumana × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
Ophrys × sanconoensis (O. exaltata × O. tenthredinifera) (Sicilia).
Ophrys × sanctae-sofiae (O. iricolor × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Sardegna).
Ophrys × sancti-leonardi (O. fusca × O. tenthredinifera). (Italy).
Ophrys x scheriana Riech. (O.bombyliflora x O.bremifera)
Ophrys × semibombyliflora (O. bombyliflora × O. exaltata ssp. arachniformis) (Italy).
Ophrys × simica (O. lucis × O. tenthredinifera) (E. Aegean Is.)
Ophrys × sivana (O. episcopalis × O. holosericea ssp. candica) (Crete to Turkey).
Ophrys × soller (O. apifera × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Baleares).
Ophrys × sommieri (O. bombyliflora × O. tenthredinifera) (Medit.)
Ophrys × sorrentini (O. bertolonii × O. tenthredinifera) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × souliei Soca 2005 (Ophrys aveyronensis (J.J.Wood) H.Baumann & Künkele × Ophrys fusca subsp. fusca.).) (France)
Ophrys × spanui (O. annae × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
Ophrys × spuria (O. bertolonii × O. fusca) (S. Europe).
Ophrys × stefaniae (O. ferrum-equinum × O. iricolor) (Greece).
Ophrys × sundermanniana (O. argolica × O. spruneri) (Greece).
Ophrys × telchinensis (O. ferrum-equinum × O. lucis) (E. Aegean Is.).
Ophrys × terrae-laboris (O. promontorii × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
Ophrys × todaroana (O. incubacea × O. sphegodes ?)) (France)
Ophrys × torrensis (O. argentaria × O. × pseudoscolopax) (Italy).
Ophrys × triadensis (O. sicula × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
Ophrys × tuscanica (O. crabronifera × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
Ophrys × tytecana (O. aymoninii × O. insectifera) (France)
Ophrys × varvarae (O. cretica × O. fusca) (Crete)
Ophrys × vernonensis (O. biscutella × O. promontorii) (Italy).
Ophrys × vespertilio (O. apifera × O. bertolonii) (Italy).
Ophrys × vicina (O. holosericea × O. scolopax) (France, SW. Sardegna).
Ophrys × vicina nothosubsp. corriasiana (O. holosericea ssp. chestermanii × O. scolopax ssp. conradiae) (SW. Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × vicina nothosubsp. vicina (France) Tuber geophyte
Ophrys × viglaensis (O. ferum-equinum var. minor × O. pruneri) (Greece)
Ophrys × vogatsica (O. reinholdii × O. sphegodes) (Greece).
Ophrys × waldmanniana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
Ophrys × yvonneae (O. holosericea ssp. apulica × O. incubacea) (Italy).
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