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1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1665 - The University of Kiel is founded.

1789 - French Revolution: Parisian women march to Versailles to confront Louis XVI about his refusal to promulgate the decrees on the abolition of feudalism.

1793 - French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.

1864 - The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die.

1869 - A strong hurricane devastates the Bay of Fundy region of Maritime Canada. The storm had been predicted over a year before by a British naval officer.

1877 - Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles.

1886 - City of Johannesburg, South Africa founded following the discovery of gold there.

1895 - The first individual time trial for racing cyclists is held on a 50-mile course north of London.

1905 - Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.

1910 - Portugal overthrows its monarchy and declares itself a republic.

1915 - Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.

1921 - Baseball: The World Series was broadcast on the radio for the first time.

1930 - British Airship R101 crashed in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.

1936 - The Jarrow March sets off for London.

1944 - Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.

1945 - Hollywood Black Friday: A six month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.

1947 - The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman.

1949 - WSAZ, West Virginia's first television station, begins broadcasting in Huntington.

1953 - The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.

1953 - Earl Warren is sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States.

1962 - The Beatles release their first single, "Love Me Do," in Britain.

1966 - Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.

1969 - The first broadcast of Monty Python's Flying Circus.

1970 - PBS became a television network.

1970 - Montreal, Quebec: British Trade Commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.

1972 - The Last Goon Show of All goes to air on BBC Radio, one of the most celebrated and influential programmes in the history of radio.

1973 - Signature of the European Patent Convention

1974 - Guildford pub bombing by the IRA leaves 5 dead and 65 injured.

1974 - I Honestly Love You first reaches
1 on the Billboard charts, giving Olivia Newton-John her first top-selling single in the United States.

1981 - Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.

1984 - Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Israeli secret nuclear weapons was revealed. The British newspaper The Sunday Times ran Mordechai Vanunu's story on its front page under the headline: "Revealed — the secrets of Israel's nuclear arsenal."

1988 - The chilean opposition coalition Concertación (center-left) defeat Augusto Pinochet in his re-election intentions. Next year a general election was called.

1990 - After one hundred and fifty years The Herald broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.

1991 - An Indonesian military transport crashes after takeoff from Jakarta killing 137.

1991 - The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released.

1999 - The Ladbroke Grove rail crash in west London kills 31 people.

2000 - Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Serbian strongman Slobodan Milošević. These demonstration are often called the Bulldozer Revolution.

2001 - Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.

2001 - Tom Ridge resigns as Governor of Pennsylvania to become President Bush's Homeland Security Advisor.

2001 - Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants set a new mark for home runs in a single season, hitting his 71st and 72nd in a loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers.

2003 - Akhmad Kadyrov is elected President of Chechnya.

2005 - The National Hockey League resumes its season after a year-and-a-half lockout.

2006 - Mass walkouts across the United States in protest of the Bush administration, organized by the World Can't Wait organization.

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1520 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (d. 1589)

1641 - Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1707)

1658 - Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (d. 1718)

1695 - John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)

1703 - Jonathan Edwards, American minister (d. 1758)

1712 - Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)

1713 - Denis Diderot, French philosopher and encylopedist (d. 1784)

1715 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (d. 1789)

1717 - Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (d. 1744)

1781 - Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician and philosopher (d. 1848)

1795 - Alexander Keith, brewer (d. 1873)

1824 - Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)

1829 - Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d.1886)

1864 - Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (d. 1948)

1878 - Louise Dresser, American actress (d. 1965)

1879 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)

1882 - Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)

1887 - René Cassin, French judge, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1976)

1889 - Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (d. 1936)

1894 - Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (d. 1948)

1902 - Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (d. 1975)

1902 - Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (d. 1984)

1903 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (d. 1989)

1904 - John Hoyt, American film and television actor (d. 1991)

1905 - Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (d. 1987)

1907 - Mrs. Miller, American singer (d. 1997)

1908 - Joshua Logan, American film director and writer (d. 1988)

1911 - Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)

1917 - Allen Ludden, American television game show host (d. 1981)

1919 - Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)

1921 - Bill Willis, American football player

1922 - José Froilán González, Argentine race car driver

1922 - Bil Keane, American cartoonist

1922 - Jock Stein, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 1985)

1923 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)

1923 - Glynis Johns, British actress

1924 - Bill Dana, American actor and comedian

1925 - Gail Davis, American actress (d. 1997)

1925 - Bob Thaves, American cartoonist (Frank and Ernest) (d. 2006)

1926 - Willi Unsoeld, American climber (d. 1979)

1928 - Louise Fitzhugh, American author (d. 1974)

1929 - Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut

1930 - Anne Haddy, Australian actress (d. 1999)

1930 - Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut

1930 - Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate

1933 - Diane Cilento, Australian actress

1934 - Angelo Buono, Jr., American serial killer (d. 2002)

1936 - Václav Havel, playwright and President of the Czech Republic

1937 - Barry Switzer, American football coach

1938 - Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist, wife of John Kerry

1939 - Marie Laforêt, French singer and actress

1939 - Marie-Claire Blais, French Canadian author and playwright

1941 - Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina

1942 - Richard Street, American r&b singer (The Temptations)

1943 - Steve Miller, American musician

1945 - Brian Connolly, English rock singer (Sweet (band)) (d. 1997)

1946 - Zahida Hina, Pakistani columnist and story writer

1946 - Jean Perron, National Hockey League coach

1947 - Brian Johnson, American singer (AC/DC) after replacing Bon Scott's death in 1980

1948 - Tawl Ross, American musician (P Funk)

1948 - Zoran Živković, Serbian writer

1949 - Ralph Goodale, Canadian politician

1949 - B.W. Stevenson, American country pop singer (d. 1988)

1950 - Jeff Conaway, American actor

1950 - Edward P. Jones, American writer

1951 - Karen Allen, American actress

1951 - Bob Geldof, Irish singer & songwriter (The Boomtown Rats)

1952 - Clive Barker, English writer

1952 - Duncan Regehr, Canadian actor

1957 - Mark Geragos, American attorney

1958 - André Kuipers, Dutch astronaut

1958 - Bernie Mac, American actor and comedian

1960 - Daniel Baldwin, American actor

1962 - Michael Andretti, American race car driver

1963 - Caron Keating, Irish television personality (d. 2004)

1964 - Keiji Fujiwara, Japanese seiyu (voice actor)

1965 - Mario Lemieux, Canadian hockey player

1965 - Patrick Roy, Canadian hockey player

1967 - Guy Pearce, Anglo-Australian actor

1970 - Agnes Barley, American artist

1970 - Josie Bissett, American actress

1972 - Grant Hill, American basketball player

1974 - Colin Meloy, American singer songwriter (The Decemberists)

1974 - Heather Headley, Caribbean r&b singer & actress

1975 - Kate Winslet, English actress

1975 - Bobo Balde, Guinean footballer

1975 - Parminder Nagra, English actress

1976 - J. J. Yeley, American race car driver

1978 - Shane Ryan, Irish Gaelic Footballer

1978 - Morgan Webb, television presenter and magazine columnist

1978 - James Valentine, American guitarist (Maroon 5)

1979 - Curtis Sanford, Canadian Hockey Goalie

1979 - Vince Grella, Australian footballer

1980 - Paul Thomas, American musician (Good Charlotte)

1981 - Kelvin Tan Wei Lian, Singaporean singer

1983 - Nicky Hilton, American heiress

1985 - Nicola Roberts, English singer (Girls Aloud)

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578 - Justin II, Byzantine Emperor

877 - Charles the Bald (b. 823)

1056 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1017)

1112 - Sigebert of Gembloux, French chronicler

1214 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (b. 1155)

1285 - King Philip III of France (b. 1245)

1528 - Richard Fox, English churchman

1540 - Helius Eobanus Hessus, German poet (b. 1488)

1564 - Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer

1565 - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)

1606 - Philippe Desportes, French poet (b. 1546)

1714 - Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b. 1630)

1740 - Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar (b. 1721)

1791 - Grigori Potemkin, Russian statesman (b. 1739)

1805 - Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (b. 1738)

1813 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader

1837 - Hortense de Beauharnais Queen of Holland and mother of the Emperor Napoleon III of France (b. 1783)

1861 - Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b. 1778)

1880 - Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (b. 1819)

1913 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)

1918 - Roland Garros, French pilot (shot down) (b. 1888)

1930 - Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson, British military officer (b. 1875)

1933 - Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)

1933 - Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich, Russian general (b. 1862)

1936 - J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (tuberculosis) (b. 1898)

1938 - Saint Faustina Polish religious (b. 1905)

1940 - Ballington Booth, Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of Volunteers of America (b. 1857)

1941 - Louis Dembitz Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)

1943 - Leon Roppolo, American musician (b. 1902)

1950 - Frederic Lewy, German neurologist (b. 1885)

1969 - Walter Hagen, American golfer (b. 1892)

1976 - Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)

1976 - Barbara Nichols, American actress (b. 1929)

1981 - Gloria Grahame, American actress (b. 1923)

1983 - Earl Tupper, American inventor (b. 1907)

1986 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (b. 1898)

1986 - James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (b. 1919)

1992 - Eddie Kendricks, American singer (b. 1939)

1993 - Jim Holton, Scottish footballer (b. 1951)

1995 - Linda Gary, American voice-actress (b. 1944)

1996 - Seymour Cray, American computer pioneer (b. 1925)

1997 - Brian Pillman, American professional wrestler (b. 1962)

2000 - Catalin Haldan, Romanian football player (b. 1976)

2001 - Mike Mansfield, American politician (b. 1903)

2002 - Chuck Rayner, National Hockey League goaltender (b. 1920)

2003 - Denis Quilley, British actor (b. 1927)

2003 - Dan Snyder, Canadian hockey player (b. 1978)

2003 - Timothy Treadwell, bear enthusiast featured in Grizzly Man (b. 1957)

2004 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)

2004 - Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)

2004 - William H. Dobelle, American biomedical engineer, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine nominee (b. 1941)

2006 - Antonio Peña, Mexican founder of lucha libre promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (b. 1953)

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Roman festivals - mundus patet: one of the three days that the mundus was opened for public.

Portugal - Republic Day, celebrates overthrow of the Monarchy in 1910, also on this day of 1143 Portugal was recognized as a country by the King of Spain Afonso IV.

International World Teachers' Day *

French Republican Calendar - Réséda (Mignonette) Day, fourteenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire