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456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Roman Empire.

1775 - Portland, Maine burned by the British.

1780 - Royalton, Vermont and Tunbridge, Vermont last major raid of the American Revolutionary War.

1781 - George Washington captures Yorktown, Virginia.

1793 - Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI is guillotined at the height of the French Revolution.

1793 - Battle of Wattignies.

1813 - The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Leipzig.

1834 - Much of the ancient structures of the Palace of Westminster in London is burnt down.

1841 - Queen's University is founded in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

1843 - Sir William Rowan Hamilton comes up with the idea of quaternions, a non-commutative extension of complex numbers.

1859 - John Brown leads raid on Harper's Ferry, West Virginia

1869 - Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, discovered.

1869 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, Cambridge, is founded.

1882 - The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.

1905 - The Partition of Bengal (India) occurred.

1906 - The Captain of Köpenick fools the city hall of Köpenick and several soldiers by impersonating a Prussian officer.

1916 - Margaret Sanger founds Planned Parenthood by opening the first U.S. birth control clinic.

1923 - The Walt Disney Company is founded by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Disney.

1934 - Chinese Communists begin the Long March; it ended a year and four days later, by which time Mao Zedong had regained his title as party chairman.

1940 - Benjamin O. Davis Sr. named first African American general in the United States Army.

1940 - Warsaw Ghetto established.

1945 - The Food and Agriculture Organization was founded in Quebec City, Canada.

1946 - Ten war criminals of the Second World War, condemned in the Nuremberg trials are hanged.

1949 - Nikos Zakhiariadis, leader of the Communist Party of Greece, announces a "temporary cease-fire", effectively ending the Greek Civil War.

1951 - The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.

1961 - Cork International Airport opened in Ireland.

1964 - People's Republic of China detonates its first nuclear weapon.

1966 - Grace Slick`s first live performance with Jefferson Airplane.

1968 - United States athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos are kicked out of the USA's team for performing a Black Power salute during a medal ceremony.

1968 - Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney Riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.

1969 - United States - The "miracle" New York Mets win the World Series.

1970 - Canada - In response to the October Crisis terrorist kidnapping, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act.

1972 - Rainbow, a British television programme for children, debuts.

1973 - Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1975 - The Balibo Five, a group of Australian television journalists based in the town of Balibo in the then Portuguese Timor (now East Timor), are killed by Indonesian troops.

1978 - Karol Józef Wojtyła becomes Pope John Paul II.

1984 - Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1987 - Great Storm of 1987: hurricane force winds to hit much of the South of England killing 23 people.

1991 - Luby's massacre: George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 19 in Luby's Cafeteria.

1991 - Jharkhand Chhatra Yuva Morcha is founded at a conference in Ranchi, India.

1992 - Duchess of York Sarah Ferguson files a 1.4 million USD lawsuit against French tabloids for running topless photos taken of her on the French Riviera, including some of Texas millionaire John Bryan suckling on her toes.

1995 - The Million Man March occurs in Washington, DC.

1996 - Eighty-four people are killed and more than 180 injured as 47,000 football fans attempt to squeeze into the 36,000-seat Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City.

2001 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: U.S. warplanes mistakenly bomb International Red Cross warehouse in Kabul, Afghanistan.

2002 - Bibliotheca Alexandrina in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, is officially inaugurated.

2003 - The Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees face off in a historic ALCS game 7 at Yankee Stadium. The game ends in dramatic fashion with an Aaron Boone walk off home run.

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1396 - William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English soldier (d. 1450)

1430 - King James II of Scotland (d. 1460)

1483 - Gasparo Contarini, Italian diplomat and cardinal (d. 1542)

1535 - Niwa Nagahide, Japanese warlord (d. 1585)

1663 - Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (d. 1736)

1710 - Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1790)

1714 - Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (d. 1795)

1726 - Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish painter (d. 1801)

1754 - Morgan Lewis, Governor of New York (1804-07) (d. 1844)

1758 - Noah Webster, American lexicographer (d. 1843)

1762 - Paul Hamilton, Governor of South Carolina (1804-06) and U.S. Secretary of Navy (1809-12) (d. 1816)

1789 - William Burton, Governor of Delaware (1859-63) (d. 1866)

1802 - Isaac Murphy, Governor of Arkansas (1864-68) (d. 1882)

1806 - William Pitt Fessenden, U.S. Secretary of Treasury (1864-65) (d. 1869)

1815 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)

1840 - Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1900)

1841 - Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese governor of Korea (d. 1909)

1854 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)

1855 - Samedbey Mehmandarov, Russian general (d. 1931)

1861 - J. B. Bury, Irish historian (d. 1927)

1863 - Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)

1878 - Maxey Long, American athlete (d. 1959)

1886 - David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973)

1888 - Eugene O'Neill, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)

1888 - Paul Popenoe, American activist (d. 1979)

1890 - Michael Collins, Irish patriot (d. 1922)

1890 - Paul Strand, American photographer (d. 1975)

1898 - William O. Douglas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1980)

1900 - Edward Ardizzone - Artist and illustrator (d. 1979)

1900 - Primo Conti, Italian painter (d. 1988)

1903 - Cecile de Brunhoff, French storyteller (d. 2003)

1908 - Enver Hoxha, Albanian dictator (d.1985)

1914 - Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan

1917 - Alice Pearce, American actress (d. 1966)

1918 - Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (d. 1990)

1919 - Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003)

1922 - Max Bygraves, English singer songwriter

1923 - Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (d. 1980)

1923 - Linda Darnell, American film actress (d. 1965)

1925 - Angela Lansbury, English-born actress

1927 - Günter Grass, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate

1928 - Mary Daly, American feminist

1928 - Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress

1931 - Charles Colson, American Watergate conspirator

1931 - James Chace, American historian (d. 2004)

1936 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (d. 1994)

1936 - Akira Machida Japanese judge

1936 - Peter Bowles, English actor

1938 - Carl Gunter Jr, Louisiana State Representative (d. 1999)

1940 - Barry Corbin, American actor

1940 - Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player (d. 2003)

1941 - Tim McCarver, baseball player and commentator

1943 - Fred Turner, Canadian bass player (Bachman-Turner Overdrive)

1946 - Suzanne Somers, American actress

1947 - Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player

1947 - Bob Weir, American musician (Grateful Dead)

1947 - David Zucker, American film director

1948 - Leo Mazzone, American baseball coach

1952 - Boogie Mosson, American musician (P Funk)

1952 - Ron Taylor, American actor (d. 2002)

1953 - Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer

1956 - Johnny Chavis, Native American Football Coach

1958 - Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and writer

1959 - Gary Kemp, British musician and actor

1959 - Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian composer

1959 - Brian Harper, baseball player

1961 - Randy Vasquez, American actor

1961 - Marc Levy, French novelist

1962 - Flea, Australian musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)

1962 - Manute Bol, Sudanese-born basketball player for the NBA

1962 - Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian baritone

1965 - Steve Lamacq, British journalist and disc jockey

1967 - Davina McCall, British television presenter

1968 - Elsa Zylberstein, French actress

1968 - Randall Batinkoff, American actor

1969 - Wendy Wilson, American pop singer (Wilson Phillips)

1969 - Roy Hargrove, American jazz trumpeter.

1970 - Mehmet Scholl, German footballer

1970 - Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese professional wrestler and mixed martial arts fighter

1972 - Tomas Lindberg, Swedish musician (At The Gates)

1972 - Darius Kasparaitis, National Hockey League player

1973 - Peter Polaco, American professional wrestler

1974 - Paul Kariya, Canadian hockey player

1974 - Deo Grech, Maltese television presenter, songwriter

1975 - Kellie Martin, American actress

1977 - John Mayer, American musician

1979 - Erin Brown, B-movie actress, model, filmmaker, former softcore erotic actress, and musician

1980 - Sue Bird, American basketball player

1981 - Anthony Reyes, starting pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals.

1980 - Timana Tahu, Australian Rugby League Player

1982 - Vincy Chan, Hong Kong singer

1984 - Melissa Lauren, pornographic actress

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1355 - Louis, King of Sicily, felled by the Black Death

1553 - Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter (b. 1472)

1555 - Hugh Latimer, English protestant (martyred)

1555 - Nicholas Ridley, English protestant (martyred)

1591 - Pope Gregory XIV (b. 1535)

1594 - William Cardinal Allen, English Catholic cardinal (b. 1532)

1621 - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch composer (b. 1562)

1628 - François de Malherbe, French poet and critic (b. 1555)

1649 - Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (b. 1621)

1655 - Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (b. 1591)

1680 - Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian-Austrian general (b. 1608 or 1609)

1750 - Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German composer and lutenist (b. 1687)

1755 - Saint Gerard Majella, Catholic saint (b. 1725)

1781 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British naval officer (b. 1705)

1793 - Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (executed) (b. 1755)

1796 - Victor Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1726)

1810 - Nachman of Breslov, founder of Breslov Hasidut (b. 1772)

1865 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, philosopher, and sociologist (b. 1781)

1877 - Theodore Barrière, French dramatist (b. 1823)

1888 - John Wentworth, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1815)

1893 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (b. 1808)

1937 - Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899)

1946:

Hans Frank, German war criminal (b. 1900)

Wilhelm Frick, German war criminal (b. 1877)

Alfred Jodl, German military officer (b. 1890)

Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian SS officer (b. 1903)

Wilhelm Keitel, German military officer (b. 1882)

Joachim von Ribbentrop, German politician (b. 1893)

Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi ideologist (b. 1893)

Fritz Sauckel, German war criminal (b. 1894)

Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892)

Julius Streicher, German propagandist (b. 1887)

1959 - George Marshall, United States Secretary of State, Nobel laureate (b. 1880)

1962 - Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (b. 1884)

1966 - George O'Hara, American actor (b. 1899)

1968 - Ellis Kinder, baseball player (b. 1914)

1972 - Hale Boggs, U.S. Congressman from Louisiana (b. 1914)

1972 - Leo G. Carroll, English actor (b. 1892)

1973 - Gene Krupa, American musician (b. 1909)

1974 - Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, noted Carnatic musician (b. 1895)

1978 - Dan Dailey, American actor (b. 1913)

1979 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903)

1981 - Moshe Dayan, Israeli general (b. 1915)

1982 - Mario del Monaco, Italian tenor (b. 1915)

1983 - Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (b. 1895)

1983 - Kelso, American racehorse (b. 1957)

1986 - Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (b. 1921)

1989 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (b. 1915)

1990 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (b. 1919)

1992 - Shirley Booth, American actress (b. 1898)

1996 - Eric Malpass, English novelist (b. 1910)

1996 - Jason Bernard, American actor (b. 1938)

1997 - James Michener, American writer

1997 - Audra Lindley, American actress (b. 1918)

1998 - Jon Postel, American Internet pioneer (b. 1943)

1999 - Jean Shepherd, American writer and actor (b. 1921)

2000 - Mel Carnahan, American politician (b. 1934)

2002 - Angela Dawson, American murder victim

2003 - Avni Arbas, Turkish artist (b. 1919)

2003 - Stu Hart, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1915)

2003 - László Papp, Hungarian boxer (b. 1926)

2004 - Pierre Salinger, John F. Kennedy's White House Press Secretary (b. 1925)

2005 - "Len" Dresslar, American singer and voice actor (b. 1925)

2005 - David Reilly, American singer (God Lives Underwater) (b. 1971)

2006 - Valentín Paniagua Corazao, Ex President of Peru

2006 - Lister Sinclair, Canadian broadcaster and playwright (b. 1921)

2006 - Ross Davidson, British actor (b 1949)

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