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Medic Wars

Hellenic League - Athens, Lacedemonia, Macedon, others

Peloponnesian War

League of Delos - Athens, Chios, Samos, Lesbos, others

Peloponnesian League - Lacedemonia, Corinth, Elis, others

Wars of Scottish Independence

Auld Alliance - Scotland, Norway, France

Italian Wars

League of Cambrai - The Papal States, France, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire

Catholic League (Italian) - The Papal States, Venice, England, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire

Wars of the Schmalkaldic League

Schmalkaldic League - German Protestant States

Luso-Islamic War

Ethio-Portuguese Treaties - Portugal, Ethiopia

Thirty Years' War

Catholic League (German) - Bavaria, other Catholic German States

Protestant Union - Protestant German States

War of the Grand Alliance (Nine Years War)

League of Augsburg - The Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, other German states

War of the Spanish Succession

The Quadruple Alliance of 1718

Napoleonic Wars

The Quadruple Alliance of 1814/15

First through Seventh Coalitions

The Quadruple Alliance of 1834

World War I

the Entente and the the Allies - United Kingdom, France, Russia (to 1917), United States (from 1917)

the Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

World War II

the Axis - Germany, Japan, Italy, many others.

the Allies - United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, United States, Canada, Republic of China, many others.

Cold War

Western European Union (WEU) - currently in process of merging into CFSP and ESDP (see below)

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) -- United States, Canada, most of Western Europe (still an active alliance)

Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria

SEATO - United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, Philippines

CENTO - United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan

ANZUS - United States, Australia, New Zealand (still an active alliance)

Five Powers Pact - Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, United Kingdom (still an active alliance)

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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) - United States, Canada, most of Western Europe, and parts of Eastern Europe.

Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) - Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and 4 observer countires Iran, India, Pakistan, Mongolia.

Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) of the European Union.

Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) - Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore, United Kingdom.

ANZUS Treaty (ANZUS) - United States, Australia, New Zealand.

ECOMOG of Economic Community of West African States.

Luanda Protocol - Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia and DRC

Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) of ECCAS.

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) - United States and Canada. NORAD and other defense agreements (such as the Permanent Joint Board on Defense) form the most extensive defense alliance in the world.

Iraqi War Coalition - group of nations which have offered various degrees of support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

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Collective defense

Collective security