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1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.

1264 - The Battle of Lewes, between King Henry III of England and the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, begins.

1328 - Antipope Nicholas V, a claimant to the papacy, is consecrated in Rome by the Bishop of Venice.

1364 - Jagiellonian University, the oldest university in Poland, was founded in Kraków, Poland.

1551 - National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, was founded in Lima, Peru.

1588 - French Wars of Religion: Henry III of France flees Paris after Henry of Guise enters the city.

1689 - King William's War: William III of England joins the League of Augsburg starting a war with France.

1780 - American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.

1797 - First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice.

1862 - U.S. federal troops occupy Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: Thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die in "the Bloody Angle".

1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch: The first day of the last major land action to take place during the Civil War, resulting in a Conferderate victory.

1870 - The Manitoba Act was given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.

1873 - Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned King of Sweden.

1881 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.

1885 - North-West Rebellion: The four-day Battle of Batoche, pitting rebel Métis against the Canadian government, comes to an end with a decisive rebel defeat.

1890 - The first-ever official County Championship match begins. Yorkshire beat Gloucestershire by eight wickets at Bristol. George Ulyett scores the first century in the competition.

1926 - UK General Strike 1926: In the United Kingdom, a nine-day general strike by trade unions ends.

1932 - Ten weeks after his abduction, the infant son of Charles Lindbergh is found dead in Hopewell, New Jersey just a few miles from the Lindberghs' home.

1937 - Coronation of King George VI of Britain at Westminster Abbey.

1941 - Konrad Zuse presented the Z3, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computer in Berlin.

1942 - World War II: Second Battle of Kharkov – In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive. During the battle the Soviets will capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.

1942 - 1,500 Jews are sent to gas chambers in Auschwitz.

1949 - Cold War: The Soviet Union lifts its Blockade of Berlin.

1952 - Gaj Singh crowned Maharaja of Jodhpur.

1958 - A formal North American Aerospace Defense Command agreement is signed between the United States and Canada.

1962 - Douglas MacArthur delivers his famous "''Duty, Honor, Country''" valedictory speech at West Point.

1965 - The Soviet spacecraft Luna 5 crashes on the Moon.

1966 - Busch Memorial Stadium, home of the St. Louis Cardinals major league baseball team, opens in St. Louis, Missouri.

1967 - At Queen Elizabeth Hall, England, Pink Floyd stages the first-ever quadraphonic rock concert.

1970 - Ernie Banks becomes the ninth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

1975 - Mayagüez incident: The Cambodian navy seizes the American merchant ship SS ''Mayaguez'' in international waters.

1978 - In Zaïre, rebels occupy the city of Kolwezi, the mining center of the province of Shaba. The government of Zaïre asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order.

1982 - During a procession outside the shrine of the Virgin Mary in Fátima, Portugal, security guards overpower Juan Fernandez Krohn before he can attack Pope John Paul II with a bayonet. Krohn, an ultraconservative Spanish priest opposed to the Vatican II reforms, decided that the Pope must be killed for being an "agent of Moscow."

1989 - A Southern Pacific Railroad freight train derails on the very steep Cajon Pass in San Bernardino, California, killing four people.

1997 - In the 7th inning of a baseball game between the Anaheim Angels and the Chicago White Sox, the Angels score 13 runs.

1999 - David Steel becomes the first Presiding Officer (speaker) of the modern Scottish Parliament.

2000 - The Tate Modern art gallery opens in London.

2002 - Former President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.

2003 - The Riyadh compound bombings, carried out by Al Qaeda, kill 26.

2006 - An estimated 150-200 people are killed when a pipeline explodes near Lagos, Nigeria.

2006 - Justin Gatlin ties the fastest 100m sprint ever in a time of 9.77 seconds in Doha, Qatar.

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1401 - Emperor Shoko of Japan (d. 1428)

1496 - Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1560)

1590 - Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1621)

1626 - Louis Hennepin, Flemish missionary

1670 - Frederick Augustus I of Poland (d. 1733)

1700 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)

1725 - Louis Philip I, Duke of Orléans, (d. 1785)

1767 - Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (d. 1851)

1803 - Justus von Liebig, German chemist (d. 1873)

1806 - Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (d. 1881)

1812 - Edward Lear, English author and poet (d. 1888)

1820 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (d. 1910)

1828 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet (d. 1882)

1842 - Jules Massenet, French composer (d. 1912)

1845 - Gabriel Fauré, French composer (d. 1924)

1850 - Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. statesman (d. 1924)

1867 - Hugh Trumble, Australian cricketer (d. 1938)

1874 - Clemens von Pirquet, Austrian physician (d. 1928)

1880 - Lincoln Ellsworth, American scientist (d. 1951)

1889 - Otto Frank, Father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)

1892 - Fritz Kortner, Austrian-born director (d. 1970)

1895 - William Giauque, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)

1899 - Indra Devi, yogi (d. 2002)

1900 - Helene Weigel, German actress (d. 1971)

1907 - Katharine Hepburn, American actress (d. 2003)

1910 - Charles B. Fulton, American jurist (d. 1996)

1910 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)

1912 - Archibald Cox, U.S. Solicitor General (d. 2004)

1914 - Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)

1914 - Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)

1917 - Frank Clair, Canadian football coach

1918 - Julius Rosenberg, American spy (d. 1953)

1921 - Joseph Beuys, German artist (d. 1986)

1921 - Farley Mowat, Canadian writer and naturalist

1924 - Tony Hancock, British comedian (d. 1968)

1924 - Alexander Esenin-Volpin, Russian mathematician

1925 - Yogi Berra, baseball player

1928 - Burt Bacharach, American composer

1933 - Andrey Voznesensky, Russian poet

1935 - Felipe Alou, Dominican Major League Baseball manager

1936 - Frank Stella, American painter

1936 - Tom Snyder, American television personality

1937 - George Carlin, American comedian

1937 - Beryl Burton, English cyclist (d. 1996)

1939 - Ron Ziegler, White House Press Secretary (d. 2003)

1942 - Ian Dury, British musician (d. 2000)

1945 - Alan Ball, English footballer

1948 - Steve Winwood, English musician

1950 - Bruce Boxleitner, American actor

1950 - Billy Squier, American singer

1950 - Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor

1955 - Kix Brooks, American musician

1956 - Bernie Federko, Canadian ice hockey player

1958 - Eric Singer, American drummer

1959 - Ving Rhames, American actor

1961 - Bruce McCulloch, Canadian actor

1961 - Lar Park Lincoln, American actress

1961 - Billy Duffy, British rock guitarist

1962 - Emilio Estevez, American actor

1963 - Vanessa A. Williams, American actress

1963 - Deborah Kara Unger, Canadian actress

1963 - Jerry Trimble, American actor

1964 - Brett Gurewitz, American guitarist and record producer

1966 - Stephen Baldwin, American actor

1966 - Bebel Gilberto, bossa nova artist

1967 - Paul D'Amour, ex-bassist of Tool

1968 - Tony Hawk, American skateboarder

1968 - Mark Clark, baseball player

1969 - Kim Fields, American actress

1970 - Mike Weir, Canadian golfer

1970 - Jim Furyk, American golfer

1973 - Shalom Harlow, Canadian supermodel

1975 - Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player

1977 - Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player

1977 - Doug Basham, Professional wrestler

1978 - Hossein Reza Zadeh, Iranian weightlifter

1978 - Jason Biggs, American actor

1981 - Kentaro Sato, Japanese composer

1992 - Malcolm David Kelley, American actor

1995 - Jean Carlos Chera, Brazilian footballer

1995 - Sullivan and Sawyer Sweeten, American actors

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1003 - Pope Silvester II

1012 - Pope Sergius IV

1382 - Queen Joan I of Naples (b. 1327)

1399 - Demetrius I Starshiy (killed in battle) (b. 1327)

1465 - Thomas Palaeologus, Despot of the Despotate of Morea

1634 - George Chapman, English writer

1641 - Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, English statesman (b. 1593)

1684 - Edme Mariotte, French physicist and priest

1699 - Lucas Achtschellinck, Flemish painter (b. 1626)

1700 - John Dryden, English writer (b. 1631)

1708 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)

1748 - Thomas Lowndes, English astronomer (b. 1692)

1759 - Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor (b. 1700)

1784 - Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (b. 1710)

1792 - Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist (b. 1710)

1796 - Johann Peter Uz, German poet (b. 1720)

1801 - Nicholas Repnin, Russian statesman (b. 1734)

1845 - János Bacsanyi, Hungarian poet (b. 1763)

1856 - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, French mathematician (b. 1786)

1859 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (b. 1791)

1860 - Charles Barry, English architect (b. 1795)

1864 - J. E. B. Stuart, American soldier from Virginia and a Confederate Army general (b. 1833)

1867 - Friedrich William Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795)

1871 - Anselme Payen, French physicist (b. 1795)

1876 - Georgi Benkovski, Bulgarian revolutionary, brutally killed by the Turks (b. 1843)

1884 - Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)

1889 - John Cadbury, English chocolate entrepreneur (b. 1801)

1907 - Joris-Karl Huysmans, French author (b. 1848)

1925 - Amy Lowell, American poet (b. 1874)

1931 - Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist (b. 1858)

1935 - Józef Piłsudski, Polish statesman (b. 1867)

1944 - Max Brand, American author (b. 1892)

1944 - Q, British writer (b. 1863)

1956 - Louis Calhern, American actor (b. 1895)

1957 - Erich von Stroheim, film director and actor (b. 1885)

1963 - Bobby Kerr, Canadian runner (b. 1882)

1967 - John Masefield, British writer (b. 1878)

1970 - Nelly Sachs, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)

1971 - Heinie Manush, baseball player (b. 1901)

1985 - Jean Dubuffet, French painter (b. 1901)

1986 - Elisabeth Bergner, Austrian actress (b. 1897)

1990 - Chen Kenmin, Japanese chef (b. 1912)

1992 - Robert Reed, American actor (b. 1932)

1994 - Erik Erikson, German psychoanalyst (b. 1902)

1994 - John Smith, British politician (b. 1938)

1995 - Mia Martini, Italian singer (b. 1947)

1999 - Saul Steinberg, Romanian-American cartoonist (b. 1914)

2000 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (b. 1980)

2001 - Perry Como, American singer (b. 1912)

2002 - Erich Kulas, ECW Wrestler (Mass Transit)

2003 - Prince Sadruddhin Aga Khan, French UN High Commissioner for Refugees (b. 1933)

2005 - Martin Lings, English Islamic scholar (b. 1909)

2005 - Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1937)

2006 - Gillespie V. Montgomery, former U.S. representative from Mississippi (b. 1920)

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Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:

Saints Achilleus and Nereus

Saint Pancras (died 304), second of the Ice Saints

Saint Epiphanius

Saint Modoald

Saint Domitilla

Saint Joan of Portugal

Blessed Imelda

Israel - Yom Ha'atzma'ut (Israeli Independence Day) for 2005: the observed date of this national holiday is determined by the Jewish Calendar.

Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Thailand - Visakha Bucha. (2006) *

International Nurses Day

Day of Finnishness in Finland; Commemoration day of J. V. Snellman.