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330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony, but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople.

1310 - 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake in France for being heretics.

1502 - Christopher Columbus leaves for his fourth and final voyage to the West Indies.

1745 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy – At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army.

1792 - Captain Robert Gray becomes the first documented Caucasian to visit the Columbia River.

1812 - Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, London.

1813 - In Australia, Lawson, Blaxland and Wentworth, lead an expedition westwards from Sydney. Their route opens up inland Australia for continued expansion throughout the 19th century.

1818 - Charles XIV of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.

1820 - Launch of HMS Beagle the ship that took young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage.

1857 - Indian Mutiny: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.

1858 - Minnesota is admitted as the 32nd U.S. state.

1862 - American Civil War: The ironclad CSS ''Virginia'' is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.

1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Yellow Tavern – Confederate General JEB Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia.

1867 - Luxembourg gains its independence.

1894 - Pullman Strike: Three thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a wildcat strike in Illinois.

1907 - A derailment outside Lompoc, California kills 32 Shriners when their chartered train jumps off the tracks at a switch near Surf Depot.

1910 - An act of the U.S. Congress establishes Glacier National Park in Montana.

1911 - The United States becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

1927 - The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is founded.

1928 - The first analog TV service is inaugurated by WGY, Schenectady, New York.

1934 - Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl in North America.

1942 - William Faulkner's collections of short stories, Go Down, Moses, is published.

1943 - World War II: American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces.

1944 - World War II: The Allies start a major offensive against the Axis Powers on the Gustav Line.

1946 - UMNO is created

1949 - Siam changes its name to Thailand.

1949 - Israel joins the United Nations.

1953 - The Waco Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114.

1960 - In Buenos Aires, Argentina, four Israeli Mossad agents capture fugitive Nazi Adolf Eichmann, living under the assumed name Ricardo Klement.

1960 - The first contraceptive pill is made available on the market.

1964 - Terence Conran opened the first Habitat store on London's Fulham Road.

1966 - Henry "Dickie" Marrow is murdered in a violent racially-motivated crime in Oxford, N.C..

1969 - Vietnam War: Operation Apache Snow – Near the Laos border, American and South Vietnamese forces fight North Vietnamese troops for Ap Bia Mountain (aka Hill 937 or "Hamburger Hill").

1970 - The Lubbock Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Lubbock, Texas, killing 26.

1973 - Citing government misconduct, Daniel Ellsberg has his charges for his involvement in releasing the Pentagon Papers to The New York Times dismissed.

1984 - A transit of Earth from Mars takes place; no one is there to observe it.

1985 - 56 spectators die when a flash fire strikes a football ground during a match in Bradford, England.

1987 - Klaus Barbie goes on trial in Lyon for war crimes committed during World War II.

1987 - The first heart-lung transplant takes place (Baltimore, Maryland). The surgery is performed by Dr. Bruce Reitz, of Stanford University School of Medicine

1995 - In New York City, more than 170 countries decide to extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions.

1996 - After taking-off from Miami, a fire started by improperly handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades killing all 110 on board.

1997 - IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing supercomputer defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player.

1998 - India conducts three underground nuclear tests in Pokhran, including a thermonuclear device.

1998 - An election is held in the Philippines where actor Joseph Estrada emerged as winner for President.

2000 - Last performance of the musical Cats in London's West End.

2002 - Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet of the Netherlands unveiled the Man With Two Hats monument in Ottawa (May 11, 2002) and Apeldoorn (May 2, 2000, symbolically linking both Netherlands and Canada for their assistance throughout the Second World War.

2004 - The Stockline Plastics factory explosion in Glasgow kills nine people.

2006 - A science team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign successfully convert pig waste into crude oil.

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1571 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (d. 1637)

1720 - Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Münchhausen, German officer and adventurer (d. 1797)

1722 - Petrus Camper, Dutch anatomist (d. 1789)

1752 - Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German anthropologist (d. 1840)

1763 - János Bacsanyi, Hungarian poet (d. 1845)

1801 - Henri Labrouste, French architect (d. 1875)

1811 - Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese Twins

1811 - Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1893)

1824 - Jean-Léon Gérôme, French painter and sculptor (d. 1904)

1827 - Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (d. 1875)

1871 - Stjepan Radic, Croatian politician (d. 1928)

1881 - Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian physicist (d. 1963)

1881 - Al Cabrera, Baseball player (d. 1964)

1887 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (d. 1961)

1888 - Irving Berlin, American composer (d. 1989)

1888 - Willis A. Lee, World War II U.S. naval admiral

1890 - Woodall Rodgers, mayor of Dallas, Texas (d. 1961)

1892 - Margaret Rutherford, English actress (d. 1972)

1894 - Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (d. 1991)

1895 - Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher (d. 1986)

1896 - Josip Štolcer-Slavenski Croatian composer (d. 1955)

1897 - Kurt Gerron German director (d. 1944)

1903 - Charlie Gehringer, baseball player (d. 1993)

1904 - Salvador Dalí, Catalan painter (d. 1989)

1907 - Rose Ausländer, German poet (d. 1988)

1907 - Rip Sewell, professional baseball player (d. 1989)

1911 - Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (d. 1985)

1912 - Foster Brooks, American actor and comedian (d. 2001)

1913 - Robert Jungk, Austrian publicist (d. 1994)

1916 - Camilo José Cela, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)

1918 - Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)

1921 - Hildegard Hamm-Brücher, German politician

1924 - Antony Hewish, English radio astronomer, Nobel laureate

1924 - Eugene Dynkin, Russian mathematician

1927 - Mort Sahl, Canadian comedian and political commentator

1928 - Yaacov Agam, Israeli sculptor

1930 - Edsger Dijkstra, Dutch computer scientist (d. 2002)

1933 - Louis Farrakhan, American Black Muslim leader

1935 - Doug McClure, American actor (d. 1995)

1938 - Carla Bley, American musician and composer

1940 - Juan Downey, Chilean video artist (d. 1993)

1941 - Eric Burdon, British singer (The Animals)

1941 - Graham Miles, English snooker player

1946 - Robert Jarvik, American physicist and inventor

1948 - Shigeru Izumiya, Japanese folk musician

1950 - Jeremy Paxman, British journalist and author

1950 - Dane Iorg, baseball player

1952 - Renaud Séchan, French composer

1952 - Mike Lupica, American sports journalist

1952 - Shohreh Aghdashloo, Iranian actress

1952 - Frances Fisher, English-born actress

1954 - Lubomir Stoykov, Bulgarian journalist and broadcaster

1955 - John DeStefano, Jr., American politician

1956 - Theresa Burke, Canadian journalist

1956 - Alex Lester, British broadcaster

1957 - Peter North, Canadian porn star

1959 - Martha Quinn, American television personality

1963 - Natasha Richardson, English-born actress

1964 - John Parrott, English snooker player

1964 - Katie Wagner, American television reporter

1965 - Greg Dulli, American musician

1966 - Christoph Schneider, German drummer (Rammstein)

1972 - Anita Hegh, Australian actress

1977 - Janne Ahonen, Finnish ski jumper

1978 - Laetitia Casta, French supermodel and actress

1979 - Erin Lang, Canadian musician

1981 - Lauren Jackson, Australian basketball player

1981 - Dan Ortmeier, Professional baseball player

1982 - Jonathan Jackson, American actor

1983 - Matt Leinart, American football player

1983 - Holly Valance, New Zealand-born actress and singer

1984 - Andres Iniesta, Spanish football player

1986 - Vassiriki Diaby, French footballer

1987 - Monica Roşu, Romanian gymnast

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912 - Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor (b. 866)

1304 - Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler (b. 1271)

1610 - Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1552)

1672 - Charles Seton, 2nd Earl of Dunfermline, English royalist (b. 1615)

1708 - Jules Hardouin Mansart, French architect (b. 1646)

1723 - Jean Galbert de Campistron, French dramatist (b. 1656)

1777 - George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (b. 1719)

1778 - William Pitt, the Elder, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1708)

1812 - Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (assassinated) (b. 1762)

1871 - John Herschel, British mathematician and astronomer (b. 1792)

1848 - Tom Cribb, English boxer (b. 1781)

1849 - Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier, French socialite (b. 1777)

1887 - Jean Baptiste Boussingault, French chemist (b. 1802)

1891 - A. E. Becquerel, French physicist (b. 1820)

1916 - Max Reger, German composer (b. 1873)

1916 - Karl Schwarzschild, German astronomer and physicist (b. 1873)

1920 - William Dean Howells, American writer (b. 1837)

1934 - Orest Khvolson, Russian physicist (b. 1852)

1938 - Evgenii Miller, Russian counter-revolutionary (b. 1867)

1955 - Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (b. 1874)

1960 - John D. Rockefeller, Jr., American philanthropist (b. 1874)

1963 - Herbert Spencer Gasser, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)

1970 - Johnny Hodges, American musician (b. 1906)

1973 - Lex Barker, American actor (b. 1919)

1976 - Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (b. 1898)

1981 - Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)

1981 - Bob Marley, Jamaican singer and musician (b. 1945)

1985 - Chester Gould, American cartoonist (b. 1900)

1986 - Henry P. McIlhenny, American philanthropist (b. 1910)

1986 - Fritz Pollard, American football player (b. 1894)

1988 - Kim Philby, British spy (b. 1912)

1996 - Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian football player (b. 1922)

2001 - Douglas Adams, English author (b. 1952)

2002 - Joseph Bonanno, Italian-born gangster (b. 1905)

2003 - Noel Redding, English bassist (The Jimi Hendrix Experience) (b. 1945)

2004 - John Whitehead, American singer (McFadden & Whitehead) (b. 1949)

2006 - Floyd Patterson, American boxer (b. 1935)

2006 - Frankie Thomas, American actor (b. 1921)

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Roman Empire - Feast of the Lemures (See Larvae).

Holiday of the City of Miskolc (since 1992).

Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:

Saint Mamertus, first of the Ice Saints

Saint Francis of Girolamo

Saint Gengou Gangulphus

Saint Gauthier of Esterp

Blessed John Rochester

Saint James Walworth

Saint Majolus of Cluny

Saint Odilo of Cluny

Saint Bertilla

Saint Estella

Saint Jutte Von Trotta, Duchess of Maio Naise