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These are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents. Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes on 2005 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State. Heads of international organizations See also international organization leaders by year. See also: List of international organization leaders in 2003, 2004 Heads of state or government See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Caribbean Central America North America South America Central Asia Eastern Asia Southeastern Asia Southern Asia Western Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe
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