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Official languages of supra-national institutions
See List of official languages by institution.
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Official languages of sovereignty|sovereign countries
There are approximately 105 languages in this category.
Afrikaans:
South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Amharic:
Albanian:
Arabic:
Armenian:
Assamese:
Aymara:
Peru (with Spanish and Quechua)
Azeri:
Belarusian:
Bengali:
Bislama:
Bosnian:
Bulgarian:
Catalan:
Chinese (see also List of Chinese dialects):
Macau (both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto , Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with Portuguese)
Singapore (Mandarin is spoken as a 2nd language,Simplified chinese is used in writing)
Croatian
some municipalities in Austria (with German)
Vojvodina (with Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Czech:
Danish
Dari:
Dhivehi:
Dutch:
Dzongkha:
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):
Botswana (but the national language is Setswana)
Canada (federally, with French)
Nunavut (with French, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)
South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Uganda (with Swahili since 2005)
Estonian:
Fijian
Filipino:
Finnish:
French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):
Canada (federally, with English)
Nunavut (with English, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)
Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
Frisian:
Georgian:
German:
Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
Greek:
Guaraní
Gujarati:
Haitian Creole:
Hebrew:
Hindi
Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
Hiri Motu:
Hungarian:
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Icelandic:
Indonesian:
Irish Gaelic is the national and first official language of:
Italian:
Italy (with German, French, Ladin and Sardinian in some provinces)
Japanese:
Palau (with Palauan and English)
Kannada:
Kashmiri:
Kazakh:
Ili, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Barkol, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Mori, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Khmer:
Korean:
Kurdish:
Kyrgyz:
Lao:
Latin:
Latvian:
Lithuanian:
Luxembourgish:
Macedonian:
Malay:
Malaysia (also known as Bahasa Malaysia)
Malayalam:
Maltese:
Māori:
New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
Marathi:
Moldovan (asserted by Moldova state representatives to be distinct from Romanian; most linguists remain skeptical):
Mongolian
Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Ndebele:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Nepali:
New Zealand Sign Language:
Northern Sotho:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Norwegian:
Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)
Oriya:
Pashtu:
Persian:
Polish:
Portuguese:
Punjabi:
Quechua
Peru (with Spanish and Aymara)
Romanian:
Moldova (known locally as Moldovan, and asserted by nationalists to be a separate language, an assertion disputed by most professional linguists)
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Rhaeto-Romansh:
Russian:
Russia (with regional sub-dialects)
Sanskrit:
Serbian:
Sindhi:
Sinhala:
Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
Slovak
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)
Slovene:
Somali:
Sotho:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Spanish:
Swahili:
Swazi:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Swedish:
Tajik:
Tamil:
Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
Telugu:
Tetum:
Thai:
Tok Pisin:
Tsonga:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Tswana:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Turkish:
Turkmen:
Ukrainian:
Urdu:
Pakistan (with English, Pothowari, Punjabi, Kashmiri (Koshur), Pashto, Sindhi, Siraiki, Balochi and Brahui)
Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
Uzbek:
Venda:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)
Vietnamese:
Welsh:
Xhosa:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)
Zulu:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
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Ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are official
- 52 countries: English
- 31 countries: French
- 26 countries: Arabic
- 22 countries: Spanish
- 10 countries: Portuguese
- 7 countries: German
- 6 countries: Italian
- 5 countries: Dutch, Russian
- 4 countries: Croatian,
Turkish
- 3 countries: Chinese,
Hungarian,
Korean, Malay,
Persian,
Romanian, Serbian,
Slovene, Tamil,
Swahili, Swazi,
Urdu
- 2 countries: Albanian, Aymara, Bengali,
Greek, Hindi,
Japanese, Kazakh,
Kyrgyz, Mongolian,
Quechua, Slovak,
Swedish, Tajik
- 1 country: numerous languages
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Official languages of subnational entities
Albanian:
Kosovo (with Serbian and English; Turkish is official in the Prizren District only).
Aranese see Occitan
Basque:
Cantonese Chinese:
Macao (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
Catalan:
Chipewyan:
Cree:
Dogrib:
English:
parts of the United States. The USA Federal Government can not declare an official language by federal law, since the United States is comprised of sovereign states. The official language is decided by a majority of the states whose official languages are declared; English is the first language by custom and majority. See English-only movement. English is an official language in the following states and territories:
French:
Louisiana (co-official with English in the state of Louisiana)
Galician:
NOTE: Whether Galician and Portuguese are variants of the same language, is a matter of debate among linguists. However both Governments and their speakers regard them as distinct but close languages
Gwichʼin:
Hawaiian:
Hawai'i (co-official with English in the state of Hawai'i)
Inuktitut:
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuvialuktun)
Inuvialuktun:
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
Northwest Territories (included in Inuktitut; with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Gwichʼin, and Slavey)
Occitan (Aranese):
Rusyn:
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
Mazandarani:
Sami:
Norway (in six municipalities)
Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
Slavey:
Spanish:
Tahitian:
Tibetan:
Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Uyghur:
Yiddish:
Zhuang:
A map of official languages: (note: source is CIA World Factbook. Countries that include several official languages only use one, often to avoid adding languages to the chart unnecessarily, preventing confusion. In showing de facto as well as de jure official languages, the map employs a looser definition of "official language" than that used in this article.)
Official Languages Maps
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See also
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