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The following monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century. A list of surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article.
See also: Abolished monarchy, List of current monarchs
Surviving monarchs from abolished monarchies
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Aceh Darussalam
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Abuja
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Afghanistan
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Agaie
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Albania
Prince William of Wied fled in 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War.
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Anhalt
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Austria
Emperor Karl was deposed as Emperor of Austria in 1918.
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Baden
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Vadodara|Baroda
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Bavaria
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Belgium
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Bharatpur
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Bhopal
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Bone state
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Brunei
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Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick
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Buffalo Point
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Bugabula
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Buganda
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Buhweju
Ndagara, Omukama of Buhweju, deposed 1901.
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Buleleng
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Bulgaria
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Burundi
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Emirate of Bukhara|Bukhara
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Busoga
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Caliphate
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Cambodia
King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated in 1955, then served in various important positions, including prime minister and head of state, intermittently until 1976, and was eventually restored to the kingship in 1993.
Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak was deposed in 1970 with the coup that ended the regime of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. The monarchy was restored in 1993 with Sihanouk (who had previously reigned from 1941 to 1955) as King.
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Central African Empire
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Champasak
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China
Yuan Shikai (reigned as the self-proclaimed Hongxian Emperor) abdicated in 1916, a few months before his death, and lasting only 83 days on the throne.
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Chisasibi
Violet Pachanos chief or Chisabibi 1989-1995 ,deposed or abdicated 1995,restored 1999,reigned until 2001.
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Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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Courland
Duke-elect Wilhelm II was deposed following the end of World War I in 1918.
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Croatia
The Axis puppet King Tomislav II (Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Spoleto), who had never actually reigned, abdicated in 1943, when Italy made peace with the Allies.
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Kingdom Of Cochin|Cochin
Rama Varma(1895-1914): He was rewarded with K.C.S.I, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E. It was during his reign that the railway line from Shornur was extended to Cochin. He resigned in1914 due to differences with British Empire. He died in January 1932 (1107 Makaram 16th). He is known as Ozinja Vallia Thampuran (Abdicated Highness, aka Rajarshi).
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Dewas
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Egypt
King Farouk abdicated in 1952 in favor of his infant son Fuad II, who was deposed the next year when Egypt became a republic. (Farouk died 1965; Fuad is still living as of 2006.)
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Ethiopia
Emperor Iyasu V was deposed 1916 for suspected conversion to the Muslim faith.
Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, and restored in 1941. He was deposed again during communist revolution in 1975.
Emperor Amha Selassie I, briefly emperor 1974–1975, was deposed by the abolition of the monarchy.
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Fiji
Queen Elizabeth II was deposed as Queen of Fiji following the 1987 coup which declared a republic.
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Finland
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The Gambia|Gambia
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Gambia when the country became a republic in 1970.
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Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II was deposed following Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918.
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Ghana
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1960.
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Gojjam
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Gowa
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Greece
King Constantine I was deposed in 1917 but returned to the throne in 1920.
King George II went into exile in 1923 and was deposed in 1924 by a referendum abolishing monarchy but returned to the throne in 1935; he was again exiled in 1941, but returned in 1946.
King Constantine II was exiled in 1967 and was deposed by another referendum abolishing monarchy in 1973 (and re-run in 1974).
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Guyana
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1970.
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Hesse-Darmstadt|Hesse and the Rhine
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Hejaz
King Ali of Hejaz, deposed by Saudi Military forces in 1925.
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Hungary
King Charles IV lost his throne when a republic was established in 1918. Following the restoration of the Hungarian monarchy in 1920, he was refused permission to assume residency and constitutional functions in the Kingdom by the Regent of Hungary. Karl died in exile in 1922. His son Otto succeeded him in his claims but, like his father, was not allowed to enter the Kingdom or assume constitutional functions, and was not recognized as king. The Kingdom of Hungary was abolished by communists following World War II.
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Hyderabad state|Hyderabad
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Igara
Musinga, Omukama of Igara, deposed 1901.
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India
King George VI of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India, ceased to be Emperor in 1947, when India gained its independence, and ceased to be King of India in 1950, when India became a republic.
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Indian Princely States
All the several hundred princely states (with a few exceptions) were abolished upon India's independence in 1947.
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Iran
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Iraq
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Republic of Ireland|Ireland
King George VI ceased to be King when the country became a republic in 1949.
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Italy
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Jaffna
H.R.H. Prince Remigius Kanagarajah, Head of The Royal House of Jaffna, Arya Chakravarti Dynasty, restored in 2003. *
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Karangasem
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Kenya
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when Kenya became a republic in 1964.
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Khanate of Khiva|Khiva
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Kokang
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Korea
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Kubu indonesian state|Kubu
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Kuwait
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Kupang
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Kutai
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Lambjang and Kaski
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Laos
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Lesotho
King Letsie III took the throne upon his father's, Moshoeshoe II, deposition in 1990. He was later deposed in favor of his father (1995), and then reclaimed the throne on his father's death in 1996.
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Libya
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Lingga
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Lippe
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Lithuania
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Luxembourg
Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde was forced to abdicate in 1919 due to political issues.
Her sister and successor Grand Duchess Charlotte also abdicated, in 1964.
Charlotte's son and successor Grand Duke Jean abdicated in favour of his son Henri in 2000.
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Malawi
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1966.
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Maldives
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Malta
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1974.
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Manchukuo
Emperor Puyi was deposed in 1945.
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Mauritius
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Mauritius following a 1992 referendum.
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
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Mecca
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
The last Grand Duke, Adolf Friedrich VI, committed suicide in February 1918. From then until the abolition of the monarchy in 1918, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin acted as regent.
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Mohammerah
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Morocco
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Montenegro
King Nikola was deposed after the First World War, when Montenegro became part of Yugoslavia.
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Netherlands
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Nigeria
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1963.
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Norway
King Oscar II was replaced in 1905, ending the Swedish-Norwegian personal union.
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Oman
Sultan Said Bin Taimur of Muscat, was deposed in 1970 by his own son Qaboos of Oman.
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Oldenburg
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Pakistan
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Pakistan when it became a republic in 1956.
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Principality of Pindus|Pindus
Prince Julius I was deposed in 1943 by Germany.
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Poland
The portion of Poland formerly ruled by Russia was occupied by Germany and Austria in 1915 and proclaimed an independent kingdom in 1916. Archduke Karl Stefan of Austria was named King-elect, but the nation was declared a republic without ever actually having had a King in the 20th century.
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Portugal
King Manuel II fled following a revolution in 1910. Portugal became a Republic.
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Prussia
King Wilhelm II was overthrown from the Prussian and German thrones after World War I.
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Qatar
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Reuss#The_Elder_Line|Reuss Elder Line
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Reuss#The_Younger_Line|Reuss Younger Line
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Romania
King Michael was deposed again by the communist-dominated government in 1947.
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Rujumbura
Makobore, omukama of Rujumbrura, deposed 1901.
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Russia
Emperor Nicholas II abdicated after the February Revolution of 1917, as did his named successor, his brother Grand Duke Michael (possibly known for a very short time as Michael II). Both Nicholas II and Michael separately were later murdered, as was all of Nicholas II's family in 1918 (see the House of Romanov). The monarchy was abolished and replaced by a Russian republic under Lenin, which in 1922 became the Soviet Union.
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Rwanda (the Tutsi state)
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Sarawak
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Saudi Arabia
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Saxe-Altenburg
Duke Ernst II was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Duke Carl Eduard was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Saxe-Meiningen
Duke Bernhard III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Saxony
King Frederick Augustus III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Schaumburg-Lippe
Prince Adolf II was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Schwarzburg
Prince Günther was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
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Serbia
King Peter I became instead King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918.
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Serdang
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Sierra Leone
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1971.
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Sikkim
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Sintang
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South Africa
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when South Africa became a republic in 1961.
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Spain
King Alfonso XIII fled following republican wins in local elections in 1931. (The monarchy was restored in 1975 under his grandson, King Juan Carlos.)
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Sri Lanka
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1972.
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Tanzania
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1962.
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Thailand
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Tibet
Tenzin Gyatso was forced to flee from Tibet in 1959 because of the Chinese ocupation. He retains the title of Dalai Lama.
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Tigray Province|Tigray
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Toro (kingdom)|Toro
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Travancore
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Trinidad and Tobago
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1976.
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Tunisia
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Turkey
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Uganda
Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1963.
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Unyanyembe
Chief Fundikira III, Ntemi of Unyanyembe, deposed by Tanzania in 1962.
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United Kingdom
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Vietnam
Emperor Bao Dai abdicated in 1945 when communists seized control of the nation. Following the Geneva accords, Vietnam was partitioned and Bao Dai became Head of State (Quoc Truong) of the French controlled areas of Vietnam. He was never restored as emperor, and in 1955 was removed from office via referendum.
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Wajo
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Waldeck (state)|Waldeck-Pyrmont
Prince Friedrich was deposed in 1918.
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Württemberg
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Yemen
Queen Elizabeth II of Fiji, Mauritius, South Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Malta (b.1926)
Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria (b.1937); He later served as Prime Minister (2001-2005).
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