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780 BC - The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.

1039 - Henry III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1615 - Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.

1760 - Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia Canada taken from the Acadians.

1769 - A transit of Venus is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in the historical past.

1783 - The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).

1792 - Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain.

1794 - British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.

1812 - Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory was renamed the Missouri Territory.

1859 - Italian Independence wars: in the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeats an Austrian army.

1862 - American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.

1876 - An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.

1878 - Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.

1913 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.

1917 - The very first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World.

1919 - Women's rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.

1920 - Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.

1928 - Chinese warlord Zhang Zuolin assassinated by Japanese agents.

1936 - Léon Blum becomes Prime Minister of France.

1939 - Holocaust: The SS ''St. Louis'', a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, most of its passengers later died in Nazi concentration camps.

1940 - World War II: Dunkirk evacuation ends; British forces complete evacuation of 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France.

1942 - World War II: Reinhard Heydrich dies in Prague due to the assassination of Czechoslovak paratroopers (Operation Anthropoid).

1942 - World War II: Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island with much of the Imperial Japanese navy.

1943 - Military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.

1944 - World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy capture the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

1944 - World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.

1967 - Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.

1970 - Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.

1973 - Patent for the ATM granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.

1974 - The Cleveland Indians attempt an ill-advised ten cent beer promotion for a game against the Texas Rangers at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. Cleveland forfeits 9-0 after alcohol-fueled mayhem and violence spreads from the stands onto the field.

1986 - Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.

1989 - The Tiananmen Square protests are violently suppressed in Beijing and are covered live on television.

1989 - Solidarity's victory in the first partly free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe and leads to creation of the so-called Contract Sejm.

1989 - Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.

1991 - The United Kingdom's Conservative government announces that some British regiments would disappear or be merged into others—the largest armed forces cuts in almost twenty years.

1998 - Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.

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470 BC - Socrates, Greek philosopher (d. 399 BC)

1489 - Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1544)

1665 - Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian soldier (d. 1733)

1694 - François Quesnay, French economist (d. 1774)

1704 - Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (d. 1776)

1738 - King George III of Great Britain (d. 1820)

1744 - Patrick Ferguson, Scots army officer and rifle designer, killed in action (d. 1780)

1754 - Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Austrian scientific editor and astronomer (d. 1832)

1787 - Constant Prévost, French geologist (d. 1856)

1801 - Sir James Pennethorne, English architect (d. 1871)

1821 - Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (d. 1897)

1866 - Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician, first female Finnish minister (d. 1952)

1867 - C.G.E. Mannerheim, President of Finland (d. 1951)

1877 - Heinrich Wieland, German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)

1880 - Clara Blandick, American actress (d. 1962)

1881 - Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (d. 1962)

1894 - La Bolduc, French Canadian singer (d. 1941)

1907 - Rosalind Russell, American actress (d. 1976)

1907 - Jacques Roumain, Haitian writer (d. 1944)

1910 - Christopher Sydney Cockerell, British engineer and inventor (d. 1999)

1916 - Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1916 - Fernand Leduc, French Canadian painter (The Automatistes)

1919 - Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)

1923 - Daniel Pinkham, American composer, organist, and harpsichordist

1924 - Dennis Weaver, American actor (d. 2006)

1928 - Ruth Westheimer, German-American sex therapist and author

1929 - John Drew Barrymore, American actor (d. 2004)

1929 - Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece

1930 - Morgana King, American actress

1930 - Viktor Tikhonov, Russian ice hockey player and coach

1932 - Oliver Nelson, American jazz composer and arranger (d. 1975)

1932 - Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand writer

1936 - Bruce Dern, American actor

1937 - Freddy Fender, American musician (d. 2006)

1937 - Robert Fulghum, American author

1937 - Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler (d. 1999)

1937 - Mortimer Zuckerman, American publisher

1938 - Art Mahaffey, baseball player

1944 - Michelle Phillips, American singer (The Mamas & the Papas) and actress

1945 - Gordon Waller, Scottish musician (Peter and Gordon)

1947 - Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria

1950 - George Noory, American radio personality

1952 - Parker Stevenson, American actor and director

1953 - Paul Samson, British guitarist (Samson) (d. 2002)

1953 - Susumu Ojima, Japanese entrepreneur (Huser)

1956 - Keith David, American actor

1956 - John Hockenberry, American journalist

1956 - Terry Kennedy, baseball player

1960 - Bradley Walsh, British actor

1961 - El DeBarge, American singer (DeBarge)

1961 - Andrea Jaeger, American tennis player

1962 - Zenon Jaskuła, Polish cyclist

1965 - Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer

1966 - Cecilia Bartoli, Italian mezzo-soprano

1966 - Vladimir Voevodsky, Russian mathematician

1969 - Horatio Sanz, Chilean-born comedian

1970 - Richie Hawtin, Canadian musician

1970 - David Pybus, British musician

1971 - Noah Wyle, American actor

1972 - Nikka Costa, American funk singer

1972 - Derian Hatcher, American hockey player

1972 - Rob Huebel, American comedian

1974 - Andrew Gwynne, British politician

1974 - Stefan Lessard, American musician

1975 - Angelina Jolie, American actress

1977 - Quinten Hann, Australian snooker player

1979 - Naohiro Takahara, Japanese footballer

1982 - Jin Au-Yeung, Chinese-American rapper

1983 - Emmanuel Eboué, Ivory Coast footballer

1984 - Ian White, Canadian, hockey player

1985 - Lukas Podolski, Polish-born German footballer

1985 - Bar Refaeli, Israeli model

1985 - Evan Lysacek, American Mens Figure Skater

1986 - Shane Kippel, Canadian actor

1990 - Phillip Lam , American

1990 - Mark Galvin , Pro Fagot

1962 - Mike , pro sk8er

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1039 - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor

1135 - Emperor Huizong of China (b. 1082)

1206 - Adèle of Champagne, wife of Louis VII of France

1257 - Duke Przemysl I of Poland

1394 - Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV of England

1463 - Flavio Biondo, Italian humanist (b. 1392)

1585 - Muretus, French humanist (b. 1526)

1663 - William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1582)

1798 - Giacomo Casanova, Italian lover and writer (b. 1725)

1801 - Frederick Muhlenberg, first Speaker of the House (b. 1750)

1830 - Antonio José de Sucre, Great Marshall of Ayacucho

1872 - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician (d. 1798)

1875 - Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)

1922 - William Halse Rivers Rivers English doctor

1928 - Chang Tso-lin, Chinese warlord (b. 1873)

1929 - Harry Frazee, Boston Red Sox owner from 1916-1923 (b. 1881)

1939 - Tommy Ladnier, American musician (b. 1900)

1941 - Kaiser Wilhelm II, last German emperor (b. 1859)

1942 - Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi official (b. 1904)

1951 - Serge Koussevitsky, Russian conductor (b. 1874)

1956 - Katherine MacDonald, American actress (b. 1881)

1964 - Samuil Marshak, Russian poet (b. 1887)

1968 - Dorothy Gish, American actress (b. 1898)

1970 - Sonny Tufts, American actor (b. 1911)

1971 - Georg Lukács, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1885)

1973 - Maurice René Fréchet, French mathematician (b. 1878)

1973 - Murry Wilson, father of Brian Wilson, Dennis Wilson and Carl Wilson (b. 1917)

1989 - Dik Browne, American cartoonist (b. 1917 or 1918)

1994 - Derek Leckenby, British guitarist (Herman's Hermits) (b. 1943)

1994 - Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (b. 1953)

1997 - Ronnie Lane, British bass player (b. 1946)

2001 - Dipendra of Nepal (b. 1971)

2001 - John Hartford, American musician (b. 1937)

2002 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (b. 1912)

2004 - Steve Lacy, American saxophonist (b. 1934)

2004 - Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (b. 1921)

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International Innocent Child Abuse Victim Day.

Tonga - National Day.

Finland - National flag day of the Finnish Defence Forces (on Mannerheim's birthday).

Hong Kong - Tiananmen Square Protest of 1989 memorial day.

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Liturgical Feast days

Saint Francis Caracciolo (died 608)
Saint Petrock of Cornwall
Saint Quirinus (died 308)
Saint Krista
Saint Lucensia