[Edit]

top

350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome

1651 - The Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.

1688 - The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, beginning the struggle for English independence from Rome which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.

1758 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Domstadtl.

1805 - The U.S. Congress organizes Michigan Territory.

1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation."

1882 - Charles Guiteau hanged in Washington, DC for the shooting death of President James Garfield.

1883 - The first appearance of The Black Arrow by Robert Louis Stevenson in Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature.

1886 - The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4 of the same year.

1905 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", where he introduces special relativity.

1906 - Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.

1908 - The Tunguska impact event occurs in Siberia.

1912 - The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event.

1934 - The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.

1935 - The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its first congress.

1936 - Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell published.

1944 - The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.

1956 - A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 (Flight 718) collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States, killing 128.

1960 - Congo gains independence from Belgium.

1963 - Ciaculli massacre: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police and military officers near Palermo.

1969 - Nigeria bans Red Cross aid to Biafra.

1971 - The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.

1971 - Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.

1977 - Virginia Wade wins the Ladies Singles title at Wimbledon, the last British champion at the All England Club to date.

1978 - Willie McCovey becomes the 12th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia.

1990 - East and West Germany merge their economies.

1992 - Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher joins the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.

1997 - The People's Republic of China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule.

2002 - Brazil wins its fifth FIFA World Cup title.

2005 - Spain legalizes same-sex marriage.

top

1286 - John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey, English politician (d. 1347)

1470 - Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)

1503 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)

1641 - Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (d. 1719)

1685 - John Gay, English writer (d. 1732)

1685 - Dominikus Zimmermann, architect (d. 1766)

1717 - Johann Stamitz, Czech-born composer (d. 1757)

1755 - Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (d. 1829)

1789 - Horace Vernet, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)

1803 - Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet (d. 1849)

1807 - Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, German narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887)

1817 - Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (d. 1911)

1843 - Ernest Mason Satow, British diplomat (d. 1929)

1891 - Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)

1892 - Oswald Pohl, German Nazi leader (d. 1951)

1893 - Walter Ulbricht, German politician (d. 1973)

1899 - Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)

1899 - Harry Shields, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1971)

1906 - Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)

1908 - Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003)

1911 - Czesław Miłosz, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)

1912 - Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)

1912 - Dan Reeves - Owner of the Cleveland/Los Angeles Rams (d. 1971)

1913 - Harry Wismer, owner of the New York Jets (d. 1967)

1917 - Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)

1917 - Lena Horne, American actress and singer

1926 - Paul Berg, Nobel Prize laureate

1931 - Bert Eriksson, Belgian neo-Nazi (d. 2005)

1934 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)

1936 - Nancy Dussault, American actress

1939 - José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet

1943 - Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)

1944 - Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist

1944 - Terry Funk, American professional wrestler

1951 - Stanley Clarke, American musician

1951 - Andrew Scott, British rock guitarist (Sweet (band))

1952 - David Garrison, comedian

1953 - Hal Lindes, English-American musician (Dire Straits)

1954 - Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)

1955 - David Alan Grier, American actor and comedian

1957 - Sterling Marlin, American Nascar driver

1958 - Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer

1959 - Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor

1959 - Brendan Perry, English musician (Dead Can Dance)

1962 - Tony Fernandez, Dominican baseball player

1963 - Yngwie J. Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist

1965 - Mitch Richmond, American basketball player

1966 - Mike Tyson, American boxer

1968 - Philip Anselmo, American musician

1970 - Mark Grudzielanek, Baseball player

1971 - Anette Michel, Mexican actress

1971 - Monica Potter, American actress

1973 - Chan Ho Park, Major League Baseball player

1975 - Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver

1978 - Owen Lafave, ex-husband of Debra Lafave

1979 - Matisyahu, Hasidic Jewish Reggae Rapper

1979 - Rick Gonzalez, Hispanic-American actor

1982 - Dan Jacobs, American guitarist (Atreyu)

1982 - Andy Knowles, English musician (Franz Ferdinand)

1983 - Marlin Jackson, American football player

1983 - Patrick Wolf, English musician

1983 - Cheryl Tweedy, English singer (Girls Aloud)

1984 - Fantasia Barrino, American singer

1984 - Gabriel Badilla, Costa Rican footballer

1985 - Michael Phelps, American swimmer

1985 - Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer

1992 - Lamb and Lynx Gaede from Prussian Blue (duo), American muscians

top

350 - Nepotianus, Roman usurper

1181 - Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester, English politician (b. 1147)

1364 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (b. 1297)

1538 - Charles of Egmond, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)

1579 - Mehmed Pasha Sokolović, Turkish Janissary

1597 - Willem Barents, Dutch explorer

1607 - Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)

1660 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)

1666 - Alexander Brome, English poet (b. 1620)

1670 - Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1644)

1709 - Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)

1785 - James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696)

1796 - Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)

1857 - Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (b. 1802)

1882 - Charles J. Guiteau, American assassin of President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)

1890 - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (b. 1819)

1919 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)

1934 - Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)

1953 - Charles William Miller, father of football in Brazil (b. 1874)

1959 - José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)

1961 - Lee DeForest, American inventor (b. 1873)

1966 - Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (b. 1906)

1971 - Herbert Biberman, Jewish American screenwriter and film director (b. 1900)

1971 - Crew of Soyuz 11

Viktor Patsayev (b. 1933)

Georgi Dobrovolski (b. 1928)

Vladislav Volkov (b. 1935)

1974 - Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)

1976 - Firpo Marberry, baseball player (b. 1898)

1984 - Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)

1993 - George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)

1993 - Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer (b. 1962)

1995 - Gale Gordon, American actor (b. 1906)

1995 - Georgi Beregovoi, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)

1995 - Phyllis Hyman, American jazz vocalist (b. 1949)

1997 - Larry O'Day, wrestler (b. 1944)

2001 - Chet Atkins, American guitarist (b. 1924)

2003 - Buddy Hackett, American comic (b. 1924)

2003 - Robert McCloskey, American children's book writer and illustrator (b. 1915)

2006 - Robert Gernhardt, German satirist (b. 1937)

top

Independence Day in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

First Martyrs of the See of Rome.

---

top

Liturgical feasts

Saint Adolf (died 1224)
Saint Martialis
Blessed Arnold Cornibout
Saint Adilia van Orp (died 670)
Saint Emiliana
Saint Luciana

---

top

Fictional events
Birthday of Usagi Tsukino and Chibiusa of Sailor Moon.