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1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem.

1619 - Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt of the Thirty Years' War

1692 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".

1719 - Battle of Glen Shiel

1793 - The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris (becoming, a year later, the first public zoo).

1793 - French Revolution: Following arrests of Girondin leaders the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.

1801 - Tripoli declares war on the United States for refusing tribute.

1829 - First Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge.

1846 - Mexican-American War: The California Republic declares independence from Mexico.

1854 - The first class of United States Naval Academy students graduate.

1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads – Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.

1871 - Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 Marines in naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island Shinmiyangyo, Korea.

1886 - Eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces.

1898 - US Marines land on the island of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

1924 - Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.

1925 - Inagural service for the United Church of Canada, a union of Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregationalist churches held in Toronto arena

1935 - Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by Bill Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.

1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.

1940 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with ftp://webstorage2.mcpa.virginia.edu/library/nara/fdr/audiovisual/speeches/fdr_1940_0610.mp3 "Stab in the Back" speech from the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.

1940 - World War II: German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel.

1940 - World War II: Canada declares war on Italy.

1940 - World War II: Norway Surrenders to German forces.

1942 - World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.

1944 - World War II: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.

1944 - In baseball, 15-year old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.

1945 - Australian Imperial Forces landed in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.

1947 - Saab produces its first automobile.

1965 - Vietnam War: Battle of Dong Xoai begins.

1967 - Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.

1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1973 - John Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.

1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is recaptured on June 13.

1977 - Apple Computer ships its first Apple II personal computer.

1978 - Costa Rica becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.

1980 - Percy Wood, president of United Airlines, is injured by an exploding package sent by the Unabomber.

1991 - In what was dubbed "The Mother of All Parades," New York City hosts a parade welcoming back troops from Operation Desert Storm.

1996 - Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin.

1997 - Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold.

1999 - Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.

2001 - Pope John Paul II canonizes Saint Rafqa

2003 - The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.

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1213 - Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher

1632 - Esprit Fléchier, French writer and bishop (d. 1710)

1637 - Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)

1657 - James Cragg the Elder, British politician (d. 1721) (baptism: date of birth not recorded)

1688 - James Francis Edward Stuart (d. 1766)

1706 - John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)

1710 - James Short, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)

1803 - Henry Darcy, French scientist (d. 1858)

1804 - Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884)

1825 - Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (d. 1897)

1819 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)

1835 - Rebecca Latimer Felton, U.S. Senator (d. 1930)

1839 - Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (d. 1912)

1861 - Pierre Duhem, French physicist (d. 1916)

1862 - Mrs. Leslie Carter, American actress (d. 1937)

1863 - Louis Couperus, Dutch novelist (d. 1923)

1880 - André Derain, French painter (d. 1954)

1889 - Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor (d. 1973)

1895 - Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)

1897 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia (d. 1918)

1901 - Frederick Loewe, Austrian-born composer (d. 1988)

1907 - Fairfield Porter, American painter (d. 1975)

1908 - Robert Cummings, American actor (d. 1990)

1910 - Howlin' Wolf, American musician (d. 1976)

1910 - Frank Demaree, American baseball player (d. 1958)

1911 - Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977)

1912 - Jean Lesage, Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)

1913 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer

1915 - Saul Bellow, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)

1918 - Barry Morse, British-born Canadian actor

1921 - Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

1921 - Jean Robic, French cyclist (d. 1980)

1922 - Judy Garland, American musical actress (d. 1969)

1923 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born newspaperman (d. 1991)

1926 - Lionel Jeffries, British actor

1927 - Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician

1927 - Ladislao Kubala, Hungarian-born footballer (d. 2002)

1928 - Maurice Sendak, American writer

1929 - Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005)

1929 - Ian McCahon Sinclair, Australian politician

1929 - E. O. Wilson, American biologist

1931 - João Gilberto, Brazilian singer

1932 - Branko Lustig, film producer

1933 - Georgi Atanasov, Bulgarian Prime Minister

1933 - F. Lee Bailey, American attorney

1940 - John Stevens, British drummer (d. 1994)

1941 - Jürgen Prochnow, German actor

1941 - Mickey Jones, American musician and actor

1941 - Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles)

1942 - Preston Manning, Canadian politician

1947 - Ken Singleton, American baseball player

1949 - John Sentamu, Archbishop of York

1949 - Ronnie James Dio, American singer

1950 - Elias Sosa, Major League baseball pitcher

1951 - Dan Fouts, American football player

1953 - John Edwards, American politician

1957 - Lindsay Hoyle, British politician

1957 - Hidetsugu Aneha, Japanese architect

1959 - Eliot Spitzer, American politician

1961 - Kim Deal, American musician

1962 - Gina Gershon, American actress

1962 - Vincent Perez, Swiss actor

1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress

1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician

1965 - Elizabeth Hurley, British actress

1966 - David Platt, British footballer

1968 - Jimmy Shea, American skeleton racer

1968 - The D.O.C., rapper

1969 - Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer

1970 - Mike Doughty, American singer

1971 - Joel Hailey, American singer

1971 - Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer

1972 - Radmila Šekerinska, Macedonian politician

1973 - Faith Evans, American singer

1973 - Pokey Reese, baseball player

1975 - Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer

1975 - Risto Jussilainen, Finnish ski jumper

1976 - Freddy Garcia, baseball player

1976 - Stefan Postma, Dutch footballer

1977 - Takako Matsu, Japanese singer and actress

1978 - Shane West, American actor

1980 - Francelino Matuzalem, Brazilian footballer

1982 - Princess Madeleine of Sweden

1982 - Tara Lipinski, American figure skater

1982 - Leelee Sobieski, American actress

1985 - Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player

1986 - Joey Zimmerman, American actor

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323 BC - Alexander the Great (b. 356 BC)

1075 - Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)

1190 - Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor (drowned) (b. 1122)

1424 - Duke Ernest of Austria (b. 1377)

1552 - Alexander Barclay, English poet

1556 - Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)

1580 - Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet

1607 - John Popham, English politician

1654 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)

1680 - Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)

1735 - Thomas Hearne, English antiquarian (b. 1678)

1776 - Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722)

1791 - Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)

1831 - Hans Karl von Diebitsch, Russian field marshal (b. 1785)

1836 - André-Marie Ampère, French physicist (b. 1775)

1849 - Thomas Robert Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, French marshal (b. 1784)

1899 - Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)

1901 - Robert Williams Buchanan, British dramatist (b. 1841)

1902 - Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)

1909 - Edward Everett Hale, American author (b. 1822)

1912 - Anton Aškerc, Slovenian poet (b. 1856)

1918 - Arrigo Boito, Italian composer (b. 1842)

1923 - Pierre Loti, French sailor (b. 1850)

1926 - Antoni Gaudí, Catalan architect (b. 1852)

1930 - Adolf Harnack, German theologian (b. 1851)

1934 - Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)

1937 - Robert Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)

1940 - Marcus Garvey, American civil rights activist (b. 1887)

1944 - Willem Jacob van Stockum, Dutch physicist (b. 1910)

1946 - Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)

1947 - Alexander Bethune, Canadian politician (b. 1852)

1949 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1882)

1958 - Angelina Weld Grimke, American journalist (b. 1880)

1959 - Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian Nazi (b. 1883)

1967 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)

1971 - Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)

1973 - William Inge, American playwright (b. 1913)

1973 - Erich von Manstein, German military commander (b. 1887)

1974 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)

1976 - Adolph Zukor, Hungarian-born producer (b. 1873)

1982 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German author (b. 1945)

1982 - Addie "Micki" Harris, American singer (Shirelles) (b. 1940)

1986 - Merle Miller, American biographer (b. 1919)

1988 - Louis L'Amour, American author (b. 1908)

1991 - Vercors, French writer (b. 1902)

1993 - Les Dawson, British comedian (b. 1933 or 34)

1996 - George Hees, Canadian politician (b. 1910)

1996 - Jo Van Fleet, American actress

1998 - Hammond Innes, English author (b. 1914)

1998 - Jim Hearn, American baseball player (b. 1921)

2000 - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)

2000 - Brian Statham, English cricketer (b. 1930)

2001 - Princess Leila of Iran (b. 1970)

2001 - Mike Mentzer, American bodybuilder (b. 1951)

2002 - John Gotti, American gangster (b. 1940)

2003 - Donald Regan, Chief of Staff and U.S. Treasury Secretary (b. 1918)

2003 - Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929)

2003 - Dr Phil Williams, Welsh politician and scientist (b. 1939)

2004 - Ray Charles, American musician (b. 1930)

2005 - Curtis Pitts, American aircraft designer (b. 1915)

2006 - Moe Drabowsky, Polish-born American baseball player (b. 1935)

2006 - Marvin Fishman, American actor (b. 1927)

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Roman Empire – fourth day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta

Portugal Day – National day of Portugal, Camões and the Portuguese Communities

Mad Hatter Day (October 6 in the United States)

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Liturgical feasts

Saint Amantius, martyr GTZ: Metz
Saint Anianus, bishop of Chartres
Saint Aster (died 362)
Saint Bardo
Saint Censurius, bishop of Auxerre
Saint Evremundus, abbot GTZ: Senlis
Saint Fortunatus, bishop of Trier, confessor
Blessed Getulius, Amancius and Cerealus, martyrs GTZ: Trier
Blessed Henry of Treviso, confessor
Jodocus, abbot, confessor GTZ: Liège
Saint Landericus, bishop of Paris, confessor BLS; GTZ: Paris; PCP (Paris)
Saint Landoald, bishop WTS (Bruges)
Saint Maurinus, abbot, martyr GTZ: Cologne
Saint Onuphrius, hermit, confessor GTZ: Augsburg
Blessed priest Ward Poppe
Blessed Margaret, queen of Scotland PRI: England
Saint Olivia