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1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after a difficult siege.

1162 - Ladislaus II of Hungary declared King of Hungary.

1207 - John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton.

1240 - A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.

1381 - John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England.

1410 - Battle of Grunwald, allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.

1685 - James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemore on 6 July 1685.

1789 - Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, by acclamation, named colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris.

1799 - Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta, by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard.

1806 - Pike expedition: Near St. Louis, Missouri, United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine to explore the west.

1815 - Napoléon Bonaparte surrenders from aboard HMS ''Bellerophon''.

1862 - American Civil War: Confederates break naval blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi.

1870 - Post-American-Civil-War Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.

1870 - Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established from these vast territories.

1895 - Archie MacLaren scores County Championship record cricket innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton.

1916 - In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).

1918 - World War I: Second Battle of the Marne - The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.

1926 - BEST buses make its début in Mumbai.

1927 - Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.

1929 - First weekly radio broadcast of Mormon Tabernacle Choir radio show, Music and the Spoken Word.

1931 - Kid Chocolate becomes Cuba's first world boxing champion.

1945 - President Harry Truman disembarks the heavy cruiser the USS Augusta (CA-31) in Antwerp en route to Potsdam for the Potsdam Conference.

1953 - John Reginald Christie, British serial killer executed.

1954 - First flight of the Boeing 707, the first American jet passenger airliner.

1955 - Eighteen Nobel laureates signed the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.

1957 - Full-scale production of the Edsel automobile begins.

1958 - In Lebanon, 5,000 United States Marines land in the capital Beirut in order to provide military support to the pro-Western government there.

1974 - In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.

1974 - Christine Chubbuck becomes the first person to commit suicide on-air.

1975 - Apollo Soyuz Test Project: Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft take off for U.S.-Soviet link-up in space.

1979 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his famous "malaise" speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation."

1994 - Albert Belle of the Cleveland Indians caught with a corked bat.

1995 - First item sold on Amazon.com

1996 - MSNBC cable-DBS channel launched.

1996 - A Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport.

1997 - In Miami, Florida, serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan guns down Gianni Versace outside his home.

1999 - Safeco Field opens in Seattle, Washington.

2002 - "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and for the possession of explosives during the commission of a felony.

2002 - Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan awarded death sentence to British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and life term to three other suspects in murdering Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.

2003 - AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape Communications Corporation. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.

2003 - the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removed its SARS-related travel advisory for Taiwan, the last area to have such a travel alert.

2004 - Monorail service begins in Las Vegas.

2004 - The BBC airs the documentary The Secret Agent, exposing racism by members of the British National Party.

2005 - Jack Nicklaus plays his last hole of competitive golf during The Open Championship at Hole 18 at St Andrews, finishing with a birdie.

2005 - Disneyland "re-launches" Space Mountain in Anaheim, California.

2006 - Mogadishu Int'l Airport in Somalia's capital of Mogadishu, re-opens after an eleven-year closure, mainly due to the Somali civil war.

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1273 - Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and religious leader (d. 1352)

1353 - Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410)

1471 - Eskender, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1494)

1553 - Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595)

1573 - Inigo Jones, English architect (d. 1652)

1606 - Rembrandt, Dutch artist (d. 1669)

1631 - Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (d. 1700)

1704 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (d. 1792)

1779 - Clement Clarke Moore, American educator, author, and poet (d. 1863)

1796 - Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (d. 1867)

1808 - Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, English Catholic archbishop (d. 1892)

1812 - James Hope-Scott, English barrister (d. 1873)

1848 - Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923)

1850 - Mother Cabrini, Italian-born Catholic saint (d. 1917)

1864 - Marie Tempest, English singer and actress (d. 1942)

1865 - Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian mathematician (d. 1945)

1870 - Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, Russian publisher and politician (d. 1922)

1871 - Kunikida Doppo, Japanese writer (d. 1908)

1892 - Walter Benjamin, German literary critic and writer (d. 1940)

1894 - Tadeusz Sendzimir, a Polish-American engineer and inventor (d. 1989)

1899 - Sean F. Lemass, Irish leader (d. 1971)

1902 - Jean Rey, Belgian politician and President of the European Commission d. 1983)

1904 - Rudolf Arnheim, German born Author

1911 - Edward Shackleton, English explorer (d. 1994)

1914 - Hammond Innes, English writer (d. 1998)

1914 - Howard Vernon, Swiss actor (d. 1996)

1918 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)

1919 - Iris Murdoch, Irish writer (d. 1999)

1921 - Robert Bruce Merrifield, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

1922 - Leon M. Lederman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

1923 - Philip Carey, American actor

1926 - Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan author

1926 - Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine dictator (d. 2003)

1928 - Carl Woese, American microbiologist

1930 - Jacques Derrida, French philosopher (d. 2004)

1930 - Stephen Smale, American mathematician

1931 - Clive Cussler, American author

1933 - Julian Bream, English guitarist and lutenist

1933 - Guido Crepax, Italian comics artist (d. 2003)

1934 - Harrison Birtwistle, English composer

1934 - Risto Jarva, Finnish filmmaker (d. 1977)

1935 - Donn Clendenon, baseball player (d. 2005)

1939 - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal and former Prime Minister

1942 - Mil Mascaras, Mexican professional wrestler

1943 - Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Irish astrophysicist

1944 - Millie Jackson, American singer

1944 - Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor

1945 - Jürgen Möllemann, German politician (d. 2003)

1946 - Linda Ronstadt, American singer

1946 - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei

1947 - Peter Banks, British guitarist (Yes)

1948 - Alicia Bridges, American singer

1949 - Carl Bildt, Swedish politician

1949 - Trevor Horn, British music producer, bassist and vocalist (Buggles, Art of Noise, Yes)

1950 - Arianna Huffington, Greek-born newspaper columnist

1951 - Jesse Ventura, professional wrestler and former Governor of Minnesota

1952 - Johnny Thunders, American guitarist and singer (The New York Dolls, Johnny Thunders & The Heartbreakers) (d. 1991)

1952 - Terry O'Quinn, American actor

1953 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Former President of Haiti

1953 - John Denham, British politician

1954 - Mario Kempes, Argentine football player

1956 - Ian Curtis, British musician, singer, and lyricist (Joy Division) (d. 1980)

1956 - Barry Melrose, Canadian hockey player, coach, and commentator

1956 - Marky Ramone, American musician (The Ramones)

1956 - Joe Satriani, American guitarist

1958 - Mac Thornberry, American politician

1959 - Vincent Lindon, French actor

1960 - Kim Alexis, American supermodel and actress

1960 - Willie Aames, American actor

1961 - Scott Ritter, UN weapons inspector in Iraq

1961 - Forest Whitaker, American actor

1961 - Lolita Davidovich, Canadian-born actress

1963 - Steve Thomas, Canadian ice hockey player

1966 - Irène Jacob, French-born Swiss actress

1966 - Scotty Ace, American professional wrestler

1967 - Adam Savage, American actor

1968 - Eddie Griffin, American comedian

1968 - Stan Kirsch, American actor

1970 - Chi Cheng, American musician

1971 - Danijela, Croatian singer

1972 - Beth Ostrosky, American model

1973 - John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born drummer (System of a Down)

1973 - Brian Austin Green, American actor

1974 - Chot Ulep, Filipino musician

1977 - Ray Toro, American musician (My Chemical Romance)

1980 - Jonathan Cheechoo, professional ice hockey player

1984 - Vice Cooler, American musician

1992 - Koharu Kusumi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)

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518 - Roman Emperor Anastasius I

1085 - Robert Guiscard, French adventurer

1262 - Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1222)

1274 - Bonaventure, Italian theologian and saint (b. 1221)

1291 - Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1218)

1381 - John Ball, English priest

1406 - Duke William of Austria

1410 - Ulrich von Jungingen, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (killed in battle) (b. 1360)

1544 - René of Châlon, Prince of the House of Orange (b. 1519)

1571 - Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)

1609 - Annibale Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1560)

1614 - Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French historian and biographer

1655 - Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1570)

1685 - James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (b. 1649)

1750 - Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman (b. 1686)

1765 - Charles-André van Loo, French painter (b. 1705)

1767 - Michael Bruce, Scottish poet (b. 1746)

1782 - Farinelli, Italian castrato (b. 1705)

1789 - Jacques Duphly, French composer (b. 1715)

1828 - Jean Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (b. 1741)

1839 - Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet (b. 1802)

1844 - Claude Charles Fauriel, French historian (b. 1772)

1857 - Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b. 1791)

1890 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (b. 1819)

1898 - Jean Baptiste Salpointe, second Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1825)

1904 - Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (b. 1860)

1919 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)

1929 - Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (b. 1874)

1930 - Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1845)

1931 - Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian economist (b. 1868)

1933 - Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (b. 1865)

1933 - Freddie Keppard, American musician (b. 1890)

1940 - Robert Wadlow, American--at 8 ft. 11.5 in, the tallest human ever known (b. 1918)

1946 - Razor Smith, English cricketer (b. 1877)

1947 - Walter Donaldson, American songwriter (b. 1893)

1948 - John J. Pershing, U.S. general (b. 1860)

1957 - James M. Cox, American politician (b. 1870)

1959 - Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (b. 1880)

1960 - Lawrence Tibbett, American actor (b. 1896)

1960 - Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (b. 1897)

1961 - John E. Brownlee, Canadian politician (b. 1884)

1965 - Francis Cherry, American politician (b. 1908)

1974 - Christine Chubbuck, television news reporter (b.1944)

1986 - Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (b. 1923)

1991 - Bert Convy, American actor (b. 1933)

1992 - Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (b. 1922)

1996 - Dana Hill, American actress (b. 1964)

1997 - Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (b. 1946)

2003 - Roberto Bolaño, Chilean writer (b. 1953)

2003 - Tex Schramm, American football team president and general manager (b. 1920)

2006 - Robert H. Brooks, founder of Hooters of America (b. 1937)

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Botswana - President's Day.

Brunei - Birthday of the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam.

Palermo, Sicily - Festival of Santa Rosalia.

Japan - Third day of Obon feast period.

Confuflux (Discordianism).

Brazil - International Men's Day.

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Liturgical feasts

Saint Baldwin
Saint Benedict, bishop of Angers, confessor Angers
Saint Bertin, monk at Luxeuil abbey Paris
Saint Bonaventure, bishop, Doctor of the Church
Saint David, abbot Upsala only
Division of the Apostles
Saint Donald's feast day.
Saints Quiricus and Julitta, martyrs Teutonic Knights, Genf, Trent, Italy, Russia; 6082
Saint Gumpert, confessor Würzburg
Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Saint Plechelm, bishop, confessor (died 713) Utrecht
Saint Rivalus, confessor GTZ: Tréguier
Saint Vedast, bishop (of Arras) (Relatio) Cambrai
Saint SwithunSaint Swithun, bishop (of Winchester), confessor (Translation) England (also celebrated in the Anglican Church).
Saint Vladimir the Great (Eastern Orthodox; Roman Catholic).
Saint Margaret, virgin, martyr Basel, Chur, Constance, Strassburg
Saints Ciriaca and Juliata, martyrs
Holy Nine virgins Scotland
Saint Reginswindis, virgin, martyr Würzburg
Saint Zosima
Blessed Angelina