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565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.

1506 - The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrived at the Vatican.

1521 - Emperor Charles V opens the Diet of Worms.

1771 - Spain cedes Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands to England.

1824 - Ashantis crush British forces in the Gold Coast.

1840 - British colonists reach New Zealand.

1863 - The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation of Russia.

1877 - Arthur Tooth, an Anglican clergyman is taken into custody after being prosecuted for using ritualist practices

1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Isandlwana - Zulu troops defeat British troops.

1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Rorke's Drift - 139 British soldiers successfully defended their garrison against an intense assault by four to five thousand Zulu warriors.

1889 - Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC.

1899 - Leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss confederation.

1901 - Edward VII becomes King after his mother, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, dies.

1905 - Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg, beginning of the 1905 revolution.

1906 - SS Valencia runs aground on rocks on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Over 130 passengers die trying to get ashore or drowning on the ship. It's Canada's worst maritime tragedy up to that time.

1917 - World War I: President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Europe.

1924 - Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister.

1931 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.

1941 - World War II: The United Kingdom captures Tobruk from Nazi forces.

1944 - World War II: Allies begin Operation Shingle (an assault on Anzio, Italy).

1946 - Iran: Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at the Chuwarchira Square in the kurdish city of Mahabad. He is the new president, Hadschi Baba Scheich is the prime minister.

1946 - Creation of the Central Intelligence Group, forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.

1947 - KTLA, the first commercial television station west of the Mississippi River, begins operation in Hollywood, California.

1947 - Paul Ramadier becomes Prime Minister of France.

1952 - The first commercial jet plane, the BOAC's Comet, is put into service.

1957 - Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula.

1957 - The New York City "Mad Bomber," George P. Metesky, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut and is charged with planting more than 30 bombs.

1962 - The Organization of American States (OAS) suspends Cuba's membership.

1963 - Elysée treaty of cooperation between France and Germany is signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer.

1964 - Mumbai's lowest-ever temperature recorded (7.4°C).

1967 - Simon & Garfunkel perform live at Philharmonic Hall in the Lincoln Center, New York City. The recording is not released until July 16 2002.

1968 - The TV sketch comedy Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In debuts on NBC.

1973 - The Supreme Court of the United States delivers its decision in Roe v. Wade striking down state laws restricting abortion during the first six months of pregnancy.

1973 - A chartered Boeing 707 exploded in flames upon landing at Kano Airport, Nigeria killing 176.

1973 - George Foreman breaks Joe Frazier's professional career undefeated heavyweight world boxing champion status.

1980 - Andrei Sakharov is arrested in Moscow.

1983 - Björn Borg retires from tennis after winning five consecutive Wimbledon championships.

1984 - The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer to popularize the computer mouse and the graphical user interface, is introduced during Super Bowl XVIII with its famous "1984" television commercial.

1987 - Pennsylvania politician R. Budd Dwyer shoots and kills himself at a press conference on live national television, leading to debates on boundaries in journalism.

1990 - Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. is convicted of releasing the 1988 Internet worm.

1992 - Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation.

1992 - Space Shuttle program: STS-42 Mission - Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space.

1995 - Israeli-Palestinian conflict: In central Israel, two suicide bombers from the Gaza Strip blow themselves-up at a military transit point killing 19 Israelis.

1997 - Madeleine Albright becomes the first female secretary of state after confirmation by the United States Senate.

2002 - AOL Time Warner brings a federal suit against Microsoft alleging that the market for AOL's Netscape Navigator Internet browser was harmed when Microsoft started to give away a competing browser.

2002 - Kmart Corp becomes the largest retailer in American history to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

2003 - The Netherlands vote for a new parliament after the previous had only been into power for 86 days.

2003 - Last successful contact with the spacecraft Pioneer 10, one of the most distant man-made objects.

2003 - World premiere of Chappelle's Show on Comedy Central.

2006 - Aníbal Cavaco Silva is elected president of Portugal.

2006 - Evo Morales is inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the country's first indigenous president.

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1263 - Ibn Taymiya, Islamic scholar (d. 1328)

1440 - Ivan III of Russia (d. 1505)

1553 - Mori Terumoto, Japanese warrior (d. 1625)

1561 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher (d. 1626)

1570 - Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, English politician (d. 1631)

1592 - Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (d. 1655)

1654 - Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (d. 1729)

1690 - Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)

1729 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German author and philosopher (d. 1781)

1781 - François Antoine Habeneck, French violinist (b. 1849)

1788 - George Gordon, Lord Byron, English poet (d. 1824)

1800 - Nat Turner, American slave rebellion leader

1820 - Joseph Wolf, German artist (d. 1899)

1849 - August Strindberg, Swedish writer (d. 1912)

1875 - D. W. Griffith, American film director (d. 1948)

1882 - Theodore Kosloff, Russian-born actor, ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1956)

1886 - Roman Ungern von Sternberg, Russian counter-revolutionary (d. 1921)

1889 - Henri Pélissier, French cyclist (d. 1935)

1890 - Fred M. Vinson, 13th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1953)

1890 - Vinko Zganec, Croatian ethnomusicologist (d. 1976)

1892 - Marcel Dassault, French industrialist (d. 1986)

1893 - Conrad Veidt, German actor (d. 1943)

1897 - Rosa Ponselle, American soprano (d. 1981)

1902 - Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler (d. 1970)

1903 - Fritz Houtermans, Polish physicist (d. 1966)

1904 (N.S.) - George Balanchine, Russian choreographer (d. 1983)

1904 - Arkady Gaidar, Russian children's writer (d. 1941)

1906 - Robert E. Howard, American author (d. 1936)

1907 - Douglas Corrigan, American pilot (d. 1995)

1907 - William Ralph Dean, English footballer (d. 1980)

1907 - Mary Dresselhuys, Dutch actress (d. 2004)

1908 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)

1909 - Ann Sothern, American actress (d. 2001)

1909 - U Thant, Burmese 3rd United Nations Secretary General (d. 1974)

1909 - Porfirio Rubirosa, Dominican diplomat and international playboy (d. 1965)

1911 - Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)

1913 - William Cardinal Conway, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1977)

1913 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)

1915 - Heinrich Albertz, German theologian and politician (d. 1993)

1916 - Henri Dutilleux, French composer

1920 - Sir Alf Ramsey, English footballer manager (d. 1999)

1924 - J. J. Johnson, American jazz trombonist and composer (d. 2001)

1927 - Lou Creekmur, American football player

1931 - Sam Cooke, American singer (d. 1964)

1932 - Piper Laurie, American actress

1932 - Berthold Grünfeld, Norwegian psychiatrist and former sexologist

1934 - Bill Bixby, American actor (d. 1993)

1935 - Seymour Cassel, American actor

1936 - Alan J. Heeger, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

1937 - Joseph Wambaugh, American author

1937 - Edén Pastora Gómez, Nicaraguan rebel leader

1939 - Jeff Smith, American chef (d. 2004)

1940 - Addie "Micki" Harris, singer (Shirelles) (d. 1982)

1940 - John Hurt, English actor

1940 - George Seifert, American football coach

1945 - Arthur Beetson, Australian rugby league player & coach

1946 - Serge Savard, Canadian hockey player

1946 - Malcolm McLaren, English impresario, musician and self-publicist

1947 - Afeni Shakur, 2Pac's mother

1949 - Steve Perry, American musician

1949 - Mike Caldwell, Baseball player

1953 - Jim Jarmusch, American director

1954 - Chris Lemmon, American actor

1954 - Peter Pilz, Austrian politician

1956 - John Wesley Shipp, American actor

1957 - Mike Bossy, Canadian hockey player

1959 - Linda Blair, American actress

1960 - Michael Hutchence, Australian musician (INXS) (d. 1997)

1963 - Andrei Tchmil, Ukrainian-Belgian cyclist

1965 - DJ Jazzy Jeff, American rapper and actor

1965 - Diane Lane, American actress

1965 - Andrew Roachford, English singer and songwriter

1965 - Steven Adler, American drummer (Guns N' Roses)

1966 - Ecaterina Szabo, Romanian gymnast

1967 - Olivia d'Abo, English actress

1967 - Manabu Nakanishi, Japanese professional wrestler

1968 - Frank Lebœuf, French footballer

1970 - Alex Ross, American comic book painter (Marvels, Kingdom Come)

1970 - Abraham Olano, Spanish cyclist

1971 - Stan Collymore, English Footballer

1972 - Gabriel Macht, American actor

1972 - Romi Paku, Japanese seiyu (voice actress)

1972 - Gonzalo Rodriguez, Uruguayen racing driver (d. 1999)

1973 - Rogerio Ceni, Brazilian footballer

1975 - Balthazar Getty, American actor

1975 - David Vyborny, Czech ice hockey player

1977 - Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer

1977 - Jono Gibbes, New Zealand, Maori and Waikato Rugby Player

1978 - Chone Figgins, baseball player

1980 - Christopher Masterson, American actor

1980 - Ben Moody, American guitarist (Evanescence)

1980 - Jonathan Woodgate, English footballer(Real Madrid)

1981 - Chantelle Anderson, American basketball player

1981 - Willa Ford, American singer

1981 - Beverley Mitchell, American actress

1982 - Fabricio Coloccini, Argentine footballer

1983 - Shaun Cody, American football player

1983 - Robert Steinhäuser, perpetrator of the Erfurt massacre

1984 - Raica Oliveira, Brazilian supermodel

1985 - Mohamed Sissoko, Malian footballer

1989 - Jared Smith, American rapper and actor

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1536 - Bernhard Knipperdolling, German religious leader

1599 - Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b. 1547)

1666 - Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1592)

1750 - Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (b. 1675)

1763 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (b. 1690)

1767 - Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German minterologist and geologist (b. 1719)

1779 - Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (b. 1733)

1779 - Claudius Smith, American Revolutionary War loyalist (b. 1736)

1840 - Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German anthropologist (b. 1752)

1892 - Joseph Philo Bradley, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1813)

1901 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (b. 1819)

1921 - Captain George Streeter, American riverboat captain and circus owner (b. 1837)

1922 - Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician and pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)

1922 - Pope Benedict XV (b. 1854)

1922 - Camille Jordan, French mathematician (b. 1838)

1931 - Alma Rubens, American actress (b. 1897)

1945 - Else Lasker-Schuler, German-born poet (b. 1869)

1950 - Alan Hale, Sr., American actor (b. 1892)

1959 - Mike Hawthorn, English race car driver (b. 1929)

1967 - Robert Henriques, British writer (b. 1905)

1968 - Duke Kahanamoku, American swimmer (b. 1890)

1973 - Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)

1975 - Andrew George Burry, Swiss-born manufacturer and businessman (b. 1873)

1978 - Oliver Leese, British World War II general (b. 1894)

1978 - Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (b. 1894)

1981 - Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, Pakistani historian and educationist (b. 1903)

1987 - R. Budd Dwyer, American politician (b. 1939)

1988 - Parker Fennelly, American comedian and actor (b. 1891)

1993 - Abe Kobo, Japanese writer (b. 1924)

1994 - Telly Savalas, American actor (b. 1922)

1995 - Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (b. 1890)

1995 - Jerry Blackwell, wrestler (b. 1949)

2000 - Craig Claiborne, American writer and editor (b. 1920)

2001 - Tommie Agee, baseball player (b. 1942)

2003 - Bill Mauldin, American World War II cartoonist (b. 1921)

2004 - Billy May, American composer and musician (b. 1916)

2004 - Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (b. 1923)

2004 - Thomas Mead, Australian politician and journalist (b. 1918)

2005 - César Gutiérrez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (b. 1943)

2005 - Carlo Orelli, last surviving Italian veteran of World War I (b. 1894)

2005 - Consuelo Velázquez, Mexican songwriter (b. 1924)

2005 - Rose Mary Woods, American Watergate scandal figure (b. 1917)

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Catholicism - Feast day of St. Vincent.

New Zealand - Wellington Anniversary.