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1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.

1276 - Innocent V becomes Pope.

1287 - The treaty of San Agayz is signed. Minorca is conquered by King Alfons III of Aragon.

1525 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.

1643 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga.

1720 - Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm.

1789 - The first American novel, ''The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in Boston, Massachusetts.

1793 - After being found guilty of treason by the French Convention, Louis XVI of France is guillotined.

1793 - Russia and Prussia partition Poland.

1853 - Russell L. Hawes patents the envelope-folding machine.

1861 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.

1864 - The Tauranga Campaign starts during the Maori Wars.

1887 - The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed.

1887 - Brisbane receives a daily rainfall of 465 millimetres (18.3 inches), a record for any Australian capital city.

1899 - Opel Motors opens for business.

1908 - New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only to have the measure vetoed by the mayor.

1911 - The first Monte Carlo Rally.

1915 - Kiwanis International founded in Detroit, Michigan.

1919 - Meeting of the First Dáil Éireann in the Mansion House Dublin, Sinn Féin adopts Ireland's first constitution. The first engagement of Irish War of Independence, Sologhead Beg, County Tipperary.

1921 - The Italian Communist Party is founded at Livorno.

1924 - Vladimir Lenin dies and Joseph Stalin begins to purge his rivals to clear way for his leadership.

1925 - Albania declares itself a republic.

1941 - World War II: Australian and British forces attack Tobruk, Libya.

1950 - Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury.

1954 - The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS ''Nautilus'', is launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, then the First Lady of the United States.

1958 - The last Fokker C.X in military service, the FAF FK-111 target tower, crashed killing the pilot and winch-operator.

1968 - Simon & Garfunkel release the Original Soundtrack to The Graduate, which quickly goes to
1 on the pop charts and which will bring Simon a Grammy for Best Original Score.

1968 - Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh - One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.

1969 - An experimental underground nuclear reactor at Lucens Vad, Switzerland, released radiation into a cavern, which was then sealed.

1976 - Commercial service of Concorde begins with London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio routes.

1977 - President Jimmy Carter pardons nearly all American Vietnam War draft evaders, some of whom had emigrated to Canada.

1980 - Golds alltime high of US $850 was created.

1985 - Because January 20 had fallen on a Sunday, Ronald Reagan's public inaugural ceremony (for his second term as President) was moved to Monday, January 21. Due to bad weather, the ceremony was held indoors in the United States Capital Rotunda.*

1997 - Newt Gingrich becomes the first leader of the United States House of Representatives to be internally disciplined for ethical misconduct.

1999 - War on Drugs: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 9,500 pounds (4,300 kg) of cocaine on board.

2002 - Canadian Dollar sets all-time low against the US Dollar (US$0.6179).

2004 - Canada: The residence of reporter Juliet O'Neill is searched by the RCMP investigating leaks concerning the deportation of Maher Arar.

2004 - NASA's MER-A (the Mars Rover Spirit) ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies with Flash Memory management and is fixed remotely from Earth on February 6th.

2005 - In Belize's capital city, the unrest over the government's new taxes erupts into riots.

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1804 - Eliza Roxcy Snow, American poet (d. 1887)

1824 - Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, American Confederate Army general (d. 1863)

1825 - Imre Madách, Hungarian writer (d. 1864)

1827 - Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin, Russian mathematician (d. 1900)

1829 - King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway (d. 1907)

1848 - Henri Duparc, French composer (d. 1933)

1851 - Reinhard Hetze, South American religious pioneer (d. 1939)

1855 - John Moses Browning, American inventor (d. 1926)

1860 - Karl Staaff, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1915)

1867 - Ludwig Thoma, German writer (d. 1921)

1867 - Maxime Weygand, French general (d. 1965)

1882 - Pavel Florensky, Russian mathematician (d. 1937)

1883 - Olav Aukrust, Norwegian poet (d. 1929)

1884 - Roger Baldwin, American social activist (d. 1981)

1885 - Leadbelly, American blues and folk musician (d. 1949)

1885 - Umberto Nobile, Italian politician (d. 1978)

1887 - Georges Vezina, Canadian hockey player (d. 1926)

1895 - Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish couturier (d. 1972)

1897 - René Iché, French sculptor (d. 1954)

1905 - Christian Dior, French fashion designer (d. 1957)

1905 - Karl Wallenda, German acrobat (d. 1978)

1906 - Igor Moiseyev, father of balletic folk dance

1912 - Konrad Emil Bloch, German-born biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2000)

1918 - Richard D. Winters, War hero

1921 - Howard Unruh, American mass murderer

1922 - Telly Savalas, American actor (d. 1994)

1922 - Paul Scofield, English actor

1923 - Lola Flores, Spanish singer (d. 1995)

1924 - Benny Hill, British actor, comic and singer (d. 1992)

1926 - Steve Reeves, American actor (d. 2000)

1927 - Clive Churchill, Australian rugby league player (d. 1985)

1932 - John Chaney, American basketball coach

1936 - Koji Hashimoto, Japanese film director (d. 2005)

1937 - Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, heir to Bavarian Royal House

1938 - Altair Gomes de Figueiredo, Brazilian football player

1938 - John Savident, actor

1939 - Wolfman Jack, disk jockey and actor (d. 1995)

1940 - Jack Nicklaus, American golfer

1941 - Plácido Domingo, Spanish-born tenor

1941 - Richie Havens, American musician

1941 - Ivan Putski, Polish professional wrestler

1942 - Mac Davis, American musician

1942 - Edwin Starr, American singer (d. 2003)

1946 - Johnny Oates, baseball player and manager (d. 2004)

1950 - Billy Ocean, West Indian musician

1953 - Paul Allen, American entrepreneur

1955 - Jeff Koons, American artist

1956 - Robby Benson, American actor

1956 - Geena Davis, American actress

1956 - Lewis Berman, American computer scientist

1958 - Michael Wincott, Canadian actor

1962 - Marie Trintignant, French actress (d. 2003)

1963 - Hakeem Olajuwon, Nigerian-born basketball player

1963 - Detlef Schrempf, German basketball player

1965 - Jam Master Jay, American disc jockey (d. 2002)

1968 - Charlotte Ross, American actress

1969 - Tsubaki Nekoi, member of the mangaka group CLAMP

1971 - Alan McManus, Scottish snooker player

1971 - Doug Weight, American ice hockey player

1971 - Brian Giles, Major League Baseball Player

1972 - Chan Marshall, American musician (Cat Power)

1972 - Alan Benes, Professional baseball player

1975 - Nicky Butt, English footballer

1976 - Emma Bunton, English singer (Spice Girls)

1977 - Al Baxter, Australian rugby player

1977 - Philip Neville, English footballer

1978 - Andrei Zyuzin, Russian ice hockey player

1979 - Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby player

1979 - Byung-Hyun Kim, Korean baseball player

1980 - Nana Mizuki, Japanese seiyū

1981 - Andy Lee, rapper in the Korean group Shinhwa

1981 - Jamie Dalrymple, English Cricketer

1981 - Dany Heatley, Canadian hockey player

1981 - Izabella Miko, Polish-born actress and model

1987 - Ian Garvey, Pokémon League Champion

1983 - Moritz Volz, German footballer

1986 - John Malcoun, Minister of Sanitation, Libian Governement

1990 - Jacob Smith, American actor

1991 - Paige and Ryanne Kettner, American actresses (twins)

2004 - Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway

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304 - Saint Agnes (martyred)

1118 - Pope Paschal II

1519 - Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Spanish explorer

1527 - Juan de Grijalva, Spanish conquistador

1546 - Azai Sukemasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1491)

1609 - Joseph Justus Scaliger, French Protestant scholar (b. 1540)

1638 - Ignazio Donati, Italian composer

1683 - Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician (b. 1621)

1699 - Obadiah Walker, English writer (b. 1616)

1706 - Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (b. 1649)

1710 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (b. 1638)

1722 - Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton, English supporter of William III of England (b. 1661)

1731 - Thomas Woolston, English theologian (b. 1669)

1766 - James Quin, English actor (b. 1693)

1773 - Alexis Piron, French writer (b. 1689)

1774 - Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1717)

1793 - King Louis XVI of France (executed) (b. 1754)

1795 - Samuel Wallis, English navigator

1809 - Josiah Hornblower, American statesman (b. 1729)

1814 - Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, French writer and botanist (b. 1737)

1831 - Ludwig Achim von Arnim, German poet (b. 1781)

1851 - Albert Lortzing, German composer (b. 1801)

1870 - Alexander Herzen, Russian writer (b. 1812)

1872 - Franz Grillparzer, Austrian writer (b. 1791)

1881 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1802)

1891 - Calixa Lavallée, Canadian composer (b. 1842)

1901 - Elisha Gray, American inventor (b. 1835)

1914 - Theodor Kittelsen, Norwegian artist (b. 1857)

1919 - Gojong of Joseon, Emperor of Korea (b. 1852)

1924 - Vladimir Lenin, Russian Revolutionary (b. 1870)

1926 - Camillo Golgi, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (b. 1843)

1928 - George Goethals, American army engineer (b. 1858)

1931 - Felix Blumenfeld, Russian composer (b. 1863)

1932 - Giles Lytton Strachey British writer (b. 1880)

1933 - George A. Moore, Irish novelist (b. 1852)

1948 - Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (b. 1876)

1950 - George Orwell, British writer (b. 1903)

1955 - Archie Hahn, American athlete (b. 1880)

1956 - Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (b. 1883)

1959 - Cecil B. DeMille, American director (b. 1881)

1959 - Carl Switzer, American actor (b. 1927)

1961 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (b. 1887)

1967 - Ann Sheridan, American actress (b. 1915)

1968 - Will Lang Jr., Chief Bureau Director of LIFE Magazine (b. 1914)

1977 - Sandro Penna, Italian poet (b. 1906)

1984 - Jackie Wilson, American musician (b. 1934)

1985 - James Beard, American chef and author (b. 1903)

1985 - Eddie Graham, wrestler (b. 1930)

1987 - Charles Goodell, American politician (b. 1926)

1989 - Billy Tipton, American musician (b. 1914)

1993 - Charlie Gehringer, baseball player (b. 1903)

1997 - Colonel Tom Parker, American manager of Elvis Presley (b. 1909)

1998 - Jack Lord, American actor (b. 1920)

1999 - Susan Strasberg, American actress (b. 1938)

2001 - Byron De La Beckwith, American white supremacist (b. 1921)

2001 - Chung Ju-yung, Korean industrialist (b. 1915)

2002 - Peggy Lee, American singer (b. 1920)

2004 - Yordan Radichkov, Bulgarian writer (b. 1929)

2005 - Parveen Babi, Indian actress (b. 1955)

2005 - John L. Hess, American journalist (b. 1917)

2005 - Theun de Vries, Dutch writer (b. 1907)

2006 - Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo and historical leader of the Kosovo Albanian people (b. 1944)

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Catholicism - Feast day of Saint Agnes.

Mauritius - Thaipoosam Cavadee.

National Hugging Day

UN Arms Day