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314 - Pope Miltiades ends his reign as the Catholic Pope.

532 - Nika riots in Constantinople.

1158 - Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia.

1569 - First recorded lottery in England.

1571 - Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.

1693 - Mt. Etna erupts in Sicily, Italy.

1759 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.

1787 - William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.

1794 - Robert Forsythe, a US Marshal was killed in Augusta, Georgia when trying to serve court papers, the first US Marshal to die in action.

1805 - Michigan Territory is created.

1861 - Alabama secedes from the United States.

1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.

1867 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.

1879 - Anglo-Zulu War begins.

1880 - Total solar eclipse blackens the sky of San Francisco one day after the funeral of Emperor Norton.

1902 - Popular Mechanics magazine was published for the first time.

1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created.

1912 - Bread and Roses Strike begins in Lawrence, Massachusetts.

1919 - Romania annexes Transylvania.

1922 - First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.

1923 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.

1935 - Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California.

1938 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a U.S. national bank.

1942 - Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.

1942 - The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.

1943 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China.

1946 - Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania with himself as dictator.

1946 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.

1949 - First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles, California.

1957 - The African Convention is founded in Dakar.

1960 - Chad declares its independence.

1962 - Eruption of the Huascaran volcano in Peru; 4,000 deaths.

1963 - The Whisky a Go Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened.

1964 - United States Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry reports smoking may be hazardous to health. First such statement from U.S. government.

1972 - East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh.

1973 - Beginning of the Watergate burglars trial.

1974 - The world's first surviving set of sextuplets are born to Susan Rosenkowitz in Cape Town, South Africa.

1980 - Nigel Short, 14, is the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master.

1982 - A cold snap sends temperatures to record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States.

1986 - The Gateway Bridge, Brisbane in Queensland, Australia is officially opened.

1990 - 300,000 march in favor of Lithuanian independence.

1992 - Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.

1994 - Irish Government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Féin

1995 - The WB Television Network begins operations.

1996 - Haiti becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1998 - Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria; over 100 people killed.

2001 - The Federal Trade Commission approved the merger of AOL and Time Warner to form AOL Time Warner.

2003 - Illinois governor George H. Ryan announces decision to grant clemency to all inmates of death row.

2005 - Black Tuesday bushfires swept across the southern Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.

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1322 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (d. 1380)

1359 - Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (d. 1393)

1503 - Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, Italian artist (d. 1540)

1591 - Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)

1630 - John Rogers, American President of Harvard in the US (d. 1684)

1671 - François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)

1723 - Prithvi Narayan Shah, began the unification of modern Nepal (d. 1774)

1755 - Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1804)

1757 - Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)

1800 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist (d. 1895)

1807 - Ezra Cornell, American businessman and university founder (d. 1874)

1815 - John A. Macdonald, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)

1842 - William James, American psychologist and philosopher (d. 1910)

1845 - Albert Victor Bäcklund, Swedish physicist (d. 1912)

1852 - Konstantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1926)

1856 - Christian Sinding, Norwegian composer (d. 1941)

1858 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American retailer (d. 1947)

1859 - Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman, Viceroy of India (d. 1925)

1868 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (d. 1940)

1873 - John Callan O'Laughlin, American political and military figure and journalist (d. 1949)

1875 - Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956)

1876 - Elmer Flick, American baseball player (d. 1971)

1885 - Jack Hoxie, American actor, rodeo performer (d. 1965)

1885 - Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (d. 1977)

1887 - Aldo Leopold, American ecologist (d. 1948)

1890 - Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian author (d.1954)

1897 - August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (d. 1979)

1902 - Maurice Duruflé, French composer (d. 1986)

1903 - Alan Paton, South African writer (d. 1988)

1906 - Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist

1908 - Lionel Stander, American actor (d. 1994)

1911 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)

1921 - Juanita M. Kreps, former U.S. Secretary of Commerce

1921 - Gory Guerrero, wrestler (d. 1990)

1923 - Carroll Shelby, American automobile designer

1924 - Roger Guillemin, French neuroendocrinologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1924 - Sam B. Hall, American politician (d. 1994)

1924 - Slim Harpo, American musician (d. 1970)

1925 - Grant Tinker, American television executive

1926 - Lev Demin, cosmonaut (d. 1998)

1930 - Rod Taylor, Australian actor

1932 - Alfonso Arau, Mexican film director

1934 - Jean Chrétien, 12th Prime Minister of Canada

1938 - Arthur Scargill, British labor leader

1941 - Gérson, Brazilian football player

1942 - Clarence Clemons, American musician (E Street Band)

1943 - Jim Hightower, American radio host and author

1944 - John Piper, American theologian

1944 - Shibu Soren, Indian politician

1946 - Naomi Judd, American singer

1946 - Tony Kaye, British keyboard player (Yes)

1952 - Ben Crenshaw, American golfer

1952 - Lee Ritenour, musician and composer

1956 - Robert Earl Keen, American singer

1957 - Bryan Robson, English footballer and manager

1958 - Vicki Peterson, American musician

1961 - Jasper Fforde, British author

1962 - Susan Lindauer, American peace activist and accused spy

1963 - Dean Reynolds, English snooker player

1966 - Marc Acito, American novelist and humorist

1966 - Kelley Law, Canadian curler

1968 - Tom Dumont, American musician

1969 - Manny Acta, Baseball player

1969 - Kyle Richards, American actress

1970 - Chris Jent, American basketball player and coach

1971 - Mary J. Blige, American singer

1972 - Marc Blucas, American actor

1972 - Amanda Peet, American actress

1972 - Luís Delgado, Angolan footballer

1973 - Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer

1974 - Jens Nowotny, German footballer

1974 - Cody McKay, baseball player

1977 - Shomari Buchanan, American football player

1978 - Emile Heskey, English footballer

1979 - Siti Nurhaliza, Malaysian singer

1979 - Michael Duff, Northern Irish footballer

1980 - Mike Williams, American football player

1980 - Deanna Wright, American actress

1987 - Scotty Cranmer, American professional BMX rider

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314 - St. Miltiades

705 - John VI

812 - Stauracius, Byzantine Emperor

844 - Michael I Rhangabes, Byzantine Emperor

1055 - Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine Emperor

1494 - Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (b. 1449)

1495 - Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. 1428)

1641 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (b. 1583)

1696 - Charles Albanel, French missionary explorer in Canada (b. 1616)

1703 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632)

1713 - Pierre Jurieu, French protestant leader (b. 1637)

1762 - Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor (b. 1695)

1763 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (b. 1676)

1771 - Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (b. 1704)

1791 - William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (b. 1717)

1801 - Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)

1843 - Francis Scott Key, American lawyer (b. 1779)

1882 - Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (b. 1810)

1901 - Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (b. 1866)

1902 - Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)

1905 - Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Hasidic rabbi (b. 1847)

1923 - King Constantine I of Greece (b. 1868)

1928 - Thomas Hardy, English writer (b. 1840)

1931 - James Milton Carroll, was a Baptist pastor, leader, historian, and author (b. 1852)

1941 - Emanuel Lasker, German chess player (b. 1868)

1958 - Edna Purviance, American actress (b. 1895)

1966 - Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (b. 1901)

1966 - Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1889)

1968 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)

1970 - Richmal Crompton, British author (b. 1890)

1978 - Ibn-e-Insha, Pakistani humorist and Urdu poet (b. 1927)

1979 - Jack Soo, American actor (b. 1916)

1980 - Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)

1981 - Beulah Bondi, American actress (b. 1888)

1983 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist and educator (b. 1894)

1988 - Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, American WW II Marine aviator (b. 1912)

1991 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)

1998 - Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)

1999 - Fabrizio de André, Italian singer (b. 1940)

1999 - Brian Moore, Irish-born writer (b. 1921)

2000 - Ivan Combe, American inventor (b. 1911)

2000 - Bob Lemon, baseball player (b. 1920)

2001 - Sir Denys Lasdun, English architect (b. 1914)

2003 - Mickey Finn, English drummer (T. Rex) (b. 1947)

2003 - Maurice Pialat, French actor and director (b. 1925)

2003 - Richard Simmons, American actor (b. 1913)

2005 - Spencer Dryden, American drummer (Jefferson Airplane) (b. 1938)

2005 - James Griffin, American musician (Bread) (b. 1943)

2005 - Miriam Hyde, Australian composer (b. 1913)

2005 - Fabrizio Meoni Italian motorcyclist (b. 1957).

2006 - Nixzmary Brown, child abuse icon (b. 1999)

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Albania - Republic Day (1946)

Morocco - Independence Resistance Day

Nepal - Unity Day

Roman Empire - First day of Carmentalia in honor of Carmenta

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