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Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE up to version 1.4), is a programming platform—part of the Java Platform—for developing and running distributed multitier architecture Java applications, based largely on modular software components running on an application server. The Java EE platform is defined by a specification. Similar to other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a standard because providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no ISO or ECMA standard. Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise Java Beans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows the developer to create an enterprise application that is portable between platforms and scalable, while integrating with legacy technologies. Other added bonuses are, for example, that the application server can handle the transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than the lower level maintenance tasks. History The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems. Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification. The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002. The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006. General APIs The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs. {{Javadoc:EE|packagejavax.ejb|javax/ejb}} The Enterprise Java Beans API defines a set of APIs that a distributed object container will support in order to provide persistence, remote procedure calls (using RMI or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, and access control for distributed objects. {{Javadoc:EE|packagejavax.naming|javax/naming}} The javax.naming, , , and packages define the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API.{{Javadoc:SE|packagejava.sql|java/sql}}, {{Javadoc:SE|packagejavax.sql|javax/sql}} The java.sql and javax.sql packages define the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.{{Javadoc:EE|packagejava.transaction|javax/transaction}} These packages define the Java Transaction API (JTA). {{Javadoc:EE|packagejavax.xml|javax/xml}} These packages define the JAXP API. {{Javadoc:EE|packagejavax.jms|javax/jms}} These packages define the Java Message Service (JMS) API. Low cost development One of the benefits of Java EE as a platform is that it is possible to get started with little or no cost. The Java EE implementation from Sun Microsystems can be downloaded for free, and there are a great many open source tools available to extend the platform or to simplify development. Examples of third party open source Java development tools include: Java EE 5 application server certified J2EE 1.4 application server certified J2EE 1.3 application server certified Publications See also | |||||||
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