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Hyperaemia (AmE hyperemia) is the medical condition in which blood congests in a part of the body. The condition may be subdivided into active hyperaemia, in which blood collects in an organ due to increased blood flow, and passive hyperaemia, in which blood collects in an organ due to an obstruction in the outflowing veins.
Active hyperemia is also a term used to describe dilation of arteriolar smooth muscle to increase blood flow in response to an increase in metabolism.
Reactive hyperemia is the same but in response to a profound increase in blood flow to an organ after being occluded. There will be a shortage of oxygen and a build-up of metabolic waste.
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