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The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China () traditionally refers to Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Xi'an. After the 1920s as more discoveries were made, other historical capitals were added to the list. The phrase Seven Ancient Capitals of China introduced later on, also include Kaifeng (added in the 1920s as the fifth ancient capital), Hangzhou (became the sixth ancient capital in the 1930s), and Anyang (after archaeologists' proposal in 1988, it became the seventh ancient capital); in 2004 the China Ancient Capital Society officially added Zhengzhou as an eighth thanks to archaeological finds there.
List of historical capitals of China Numerous cities have been the capital of China during the course of history. State of Yan (Yen in WG) in Spring and Autumn Period (722-481 BC): called Ji (薊 Jì). Liao Dynasty (907-1125), as a secondary capital: called Yanjing (燕京 Yānjīng "capital of Yan"). Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) from Jin Shi Zong until 1220s (1217?): called Zhongdu (中都 Zhōngdū "central capital"). Yuan Dynasty (1271 to 1368): Khanbaliq (Mongolian: the Khan's city); translated to Chinese as Dàdū (大都 "great capital"). This was reported as Cambuluc by Marco Polo. Ming Dynasty since Yongle Emperor of China (1402/1424-1644): called Jīngshī (京師 "capital"). Qing Dynasty since the fall of Ming in 1644 to the end of the Empire in 1912. The Beiyang Government of the Republic of China. The current capital of the People's Republic of China. The Nanyue (207 BC - 110 BC): it was known as Pun Yue (番禺) The Southern Han (917 - 971): it was known as Pun Yue (番禺) Republic of China: it was the seat of the National Government before the Northern Expedition, and was briefly the seat of Chiang's ROC government during the Chinese civil war with the Communist Party of China. The Wuyue Kingdom (904-978), during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. China during the Southern Song Dynasty: called Lin'an (臨安 Lín'ān). Later Liang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Later Jin Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Later Han Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Later Zhou Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Northern Song Dynasty: called Dongjing (東京 Dōngjīng). Eastern Zhou Dynasty Eastern Han Dynasty from 25 to 220 Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms. Western Jin Dynasty Northern Wei Dynasty since 493, moved its capital from Datong. Later Tang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. all of the Six Dynasties: called Jianye (建業 Jiànyè) or Jiankang (建康 Jiànkāng). The Six Dynasties are: Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Eastern Jin Dynasty Liu Song Dynasty Southern Qi Dynasty Liang Dynasty Chen Dynasty Ming Dynasty before Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing. Republic of China after the Northern Expedition until the Japanese invasion in 1937 of WWII, and after the war until Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan in 1949. Wang Jingwei's pro-Japanese collaborationist government. Taiping Tianguo (Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace and Prosperity) during the Taiping Rebellion. Known as Tianjing (天京，literally 'Heavenly Capital') between 1853 and its fall in 1864. Western Zhou Dynasty, also see Hao. State of Qin in Spring and Autumn Period and Qin Dynasty 221 BC-207 BC: Xi'an is located near the Qin capital which is called Xianyang (咸陽 Xiányáng). Western Han Dynasty from 206 BC to AD 9 Xin Dynasty from 8 to 23 Eastern Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty State of Former Zhao, a state in the Sixteen Kingdoms period during the chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420). State of Former Qin from 351 to 394, from the Sixteen Kingdoms period. State of Later Qin from 384 to 417, from the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Western Wei Dynasty Northern Zhou Dynasty Sui Dynasty from 581 to 618 Tang Dynasty from 618 to 907 Chronology | ||||||||
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