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This article is about Muhammad's daughter. See Fatima for other meanings. Fatimah bint Muhammad or popularly Fatimah Zahra ( "Fatimah the Radiant") (c. 614-632) was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid Al-Kubra. Modern descendants of Muhammad trace their lineage exclusively through Fatimah, because she was the only child of Muhammad who had children that survived. Muhammad had no boys who reached adulthood.
Biography
Legacy After Khadijah, Muhammad's first wife, muslims regard Fatima Zahra as the greatest woman that has lived, the leader of all women in Paradise, and a paragon of female virtue. She was the first wife of the first Shi'a Imam, the mother of the second and third, and the ancestor of all the succeeding Imams; indeed, the Fatimid dynasty is named after her They also call her Al-Zahra, the Lady of Light. The khamsa, an amulet popularly believed to ward off evil and widely used in the Maghreb, represents the hand of Fatima. Muslim views Muslims regard her as a loving and devoted daughter, mother, and wife, a sincere Muslim, and an exemplar for Muslim women. In Iran, her birthday was chosen as the date for National Women's Day, and annual mowludi or birthday celebrations are held in her honor by Iranian women; the themes routinely reflected in sermons at these functions are those of Fatimah's example as a pious daughter and wife and caring mother, and her simple lifestyle. It is believed that she was very close to Muhammad and her distinction from other women is mentioned in many of his Hadiths: "Fatima is a part of my flesh: whoever causes her to be upset, upsets me." Her children, his grandsons the second Shi’a Imam Hassan ibn Ali and third Shi’a Imam Husayn ibn Ali were very dear to him. Shi'a and Sunni Muslims generally agree on these basic facts, but give very different detailed accounts of her life. Both Shi'a and Sunnah honour her as a part of the Ahl al-Bayt. Sunni view According to Sunni historians, Fatima Zahra was the youngest of four daughters whom Khadijah bore to Muhammad. She died of natural causes, at the age of twenty-three or twenty-four, surviving her father by only a few months. Sunni historians do not accept the accounts of her injuries and miscarriage at the hands of Umar and his men. In the Sunni view, Fatimah shares the position of primary example to all women with A'isha and Khadija. She was relegated as a lesser figure in terms of history and the hadith, as her position aligned her with Ali and she was considered too sectarian. Shia view According to Shi'a scholars, Fatima Zahra was Muhammad's only daughter. . The Sunni belief that he had other daughters by Khadijah denies Ali ibn Abu Talib the distinction of being Muhammad's only son-in-law. She is held in highest of esteem, as being the single most ideal example for all women; in terms of her purity and the eventual martyrdom of her son, she is considered to be the Muslim counterpart to the Christian Mary, mother of Jesus; indeed, one of her names is Maryam al-Kubrá, or "the greater Mary". See also | ||||||||||
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