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Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves emperors (hoàng đế). Because Vietnam was a tributary state to China, each monarch had to be approved by China; some did not have this approval (Ho Dynasty). Others were only nominal rulers, with the real powers resting on lords who were theoretically loyal to them. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their temple names, while the Nguyễn Dynasty is known through their era names. Before independence Ngo Dynasty|Ngô Dynasty (939-965) Dinh Dynasty|Đinh Dynasty (968-979) Prior Le Dynasty|Prior Lê Dynasty (980-1009) Ly Dynasty|Lý Dynasty (1010-1225) Tran Dynasty|Trần Dynasty (1225-1400) Ho Dynasty|Hồ Dynasty (1400-1407) Hậu Trần Dynasty (1407-1413) Lê Dynasty|Hậu Lê Dynasty (Lê sơ period, 1428-1527) Southern Dynasty - Later Le Dynasty Northern Dynasty - Mac Dynasty|Mạc Dynasty (1527-1592) Reign in Cao Bằng till 1677: Lê Emperors Trinh Lords|Trịnh Lords (1545-1786) Nguyen Lords|Nguyễn Lords (1600-1802) Tay Son Dynasty|Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778-1802) Nguyễn Dynasty (1802-1945) | |||||||
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