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Dialectics of Nature, by Friedrich Engels (1883), is an unfinished work which applies Marxist ideas to science.
This follows on from what Engels had said about science in Anti-Dühring. It includes the famous The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man, which has also been published separately as a pamphlet. Engels argues that the hand and brain grew together - an idea supported by later fossil discoveries, though it seems the foot came first. (See .)
Most of the work is fragmentary, but has points of interests. In biology, he says:
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