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Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by 32 departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and a Capital District (Spanish Distrito Capital). Each department has a Governor (gobernador) and a Department Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by the people for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected for an immediately consecutive period.

Departments are further divided in municipalities (Spanish: municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is composed by a mayor (alcalde) and a Municipal Council (concejo municipal), both of them elected by the people for a four-year period.

Bogotá is organized as Capital District, and is partially dependent of the Department of Cundinamarca.

included the country's capital: Bogotá