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In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of elimination reactions. Because the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a poor leaving group, having an Brønsted acid catalyst often helps by protonating the hydroxyl group to give the better leaving group, -OH2+.
In organic synthesis, there are many examples of dehydration reactions:
2 R-OH → R-O-R + H2O
Conversion of alcohols to alkenes
R-CH2-CHOH-R → R-CH=CH-R + H2O
2 RCO2H → (RCO)2O + H2O
RCONH2 → R-CN + H2O
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