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The chief information officer or CIO is a job title for the head of information technology group within an organization. They often report to the chief executive officer or chief financial officer. In military organizations, they report to the commanding officer or commanding general of the organization. The prominence of this position has risen greatly as information technology has become a more important part of business. The CIO may be a member of the "executive board" of the organization, but this is dependent on the type of organization. No specific qualification is typical of CIOs in general; every CIO position has its own specific job description. In the past, many have degrees in computer science, software engineering, or information systems, but this is by no means universal. Many were technical staff in the past. More recently, it is often more important for CIO to demonstrate leadership capability, business acumen and strategic perspective rather than technical skills. It is now quite common for CIOs to be appointed from the business side of the organization. CIO is sometimes facetiously ascribed the backronym of "career is over" - with the CIO role as the pinnacle and hence the dead end of the technical career. It is very rare for CIOs to be able to make the transition to become the CEO of the organisation. The CIO role has in some cases been expanded to become the chief knowledge officer, CKO, who deals in knowledge, not just information.
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