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a contemporary, ethnic Assyrians belonging to the Chaldean Catholic Church.

Chaldean Neo-Aramaic is a modern Aramaic language spoken today by Chaldean Catholics. Chaldean script is sometimes used to refer to the Eastern Syriac alphabet. Biblical Aramaic used to be referred to as 'Chaldean' or 'Chaldee'.

the historical Babylonians, in particular in a Hellenistic context

The 11th dynasty of the Kings of Babylon (6th century BC) is conventionally known to historians as the Chaldean Dynasty.

Chaldean mythology is a generalized term used to refer to all the mythologies of ancient Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia.

Chaldea, "the Chaldees" of the KJV Old Testament, was a Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylonia.

The Chaldean Oracles played a role in Hellenistic mystery religions of the first centuries BC and AD.

Roman and medieval authors used the name 'Chaldeans' in particular for astrologers and mathematicians of Babylonia.

the Khaldi, called Chaldeans by classical authors in spite of being unrelated to the Assyrians

Chaldean language in old references may refer to the Urartian language