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C minor (abbreviated Cm) is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B and C (harmonic minor scale). Its key signature consists of three flats. In the Baroque period, music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature, and some modern editions of that repertoire keep it that way. Its relative key is E-flat major, and its parallel major is C major. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key, one of them is in C minor, No. 24, K. 491. C minor has been associated with heroic struggle since Beethoven's time, with the quintessential work in the key being his Symphony No. 5; see Beethoven and C minor. The fact that Brahms's Symphony No. 1 is in C minor contributed to it being nicknamed "Beethoven's Tenth" (the actual Beethoven Tenth may have had a significant central C minor section in the first movement). Three of Anton Bruckner's ten numbered symphonies are in C minor.
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