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Bioregionalism is a term used to describe an approach to political, cultural, and environmental issues based on naturally-defined regional areas, consistent with the concept of bioregions. These areas are usually based on a combination of physical and environmental features, including watershed boundaries and soil and terrain characteristics. Bioregionalism stresses that the determination of a bioregion is also a cultural phenomenon, with phrases such as "the politics of place" and "terrain of consciousness" appearing in bioregionalist writings, and places emphasis on local populations, knowledge and solutions. The term appears to have originated in work by Peter Berg and Raymond Dasmann in the early 1970s. The bioregionalist perspective opposes a homogeneous economy and consumer culture because that culture ignores a dependency on the natural world. Those taking a bioregionalist perspective seek to: North American Bioregional Assemblies used to be conducted amongst adherents of the bioregional movement throughout Anglo-America. This is one of the constituencies from which Green Parties drew their members in the 1980s. Bioregionalism's deployment in Green electoral politics has been frequent since these parties' creation in North America. Factions backing bioregionalism tend to oppose the creation of local party organizations whose boundaries conform to existing electoral districts, often resulting in candidate nominations decisions proceeding with the participation of members living outside the district but within its bioregion (e.g Vancouver (1985-91), Victoria (1988-95)) or disenfranchising individuals outside the bioregion but within the district (e.g. Yale-Lillooet (1985-89)). Bioregionalism has also been deployed by Green Party organizations wishing to opt out of policy decisions by provincial and federal Green Parties. The most notable example of this has traditionally been the Okanagan Greens which originally organized themselves on the basis of electoral districts, to avoid the authority of the BC Green Party which only recognized bioregional organizations that promptly switched to a bioregional organization as soon as the BC Greens recognized electoral districts in 1994. To this day, the Okanagan Greens continue to entitle voting members from Brewster and other locations in Washington state that fall within the Okanagan Valley. Bioregionalism has also been deployed in Green politics by those seeking to magnify the voting power of highly concentrated groups of Greens living in remote areas. While 50% of British Columbia's population might live in the Fraser Valley bioregion, perhaps 2-3% reside within the Middle Fraser bioregion.
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