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1268 - Battle of Tagliacozzo, Angevine victory over Conradin of Hohenstaufen.

1305 - William Wallace is executed.

1328 - Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.

1328 - King Philip VI of France is crowned.

1541 - French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada.

1566 - Calvinists are granted rights in the Netherlands.

1614 - The University of Groningen is established.

1651 - Charles II of England enters Worcester and starts a battle.

1775 - King George III declares that the American colonies exist in a state of open and avowed rebellion.

1784 - Eastern Tennessee declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin; the step is rejected by Congress one year later.

1793 - French Revolution: a levée en masse was decreed by the National Convention.

1799 - Napoleon leaves Egypt for France en route to seize power.

1813 - At the Battle of Grossbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

1833 - Slavery abolished in the British colonies.

1839 - The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong.

1864 - The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico.

1866 - Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.

1889 - First wireless message from a ship to the shore received.

1896 - First Cry of the Philippine Revolution is made in Pugad Lawin (Quezon City), in the province of Manila.

1904 - The automobile tire chain is patented.

1914 - Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China.

1921 - Faisal I crowned King of Iraq.

1924 - The distance between Earth and Mars is the smallest since the 10th century.

1927 - Italian anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti are executed in Boston, Massachusetts after being found guilty of first degree murder.

1929 - Hebron Massacre: Arab attack of the Jewish community in the British Mandate of Palestine resulted in 133 Jews killed, 67 in Hebron.

1939 - World War II: Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. In a secret addition to the pact, Baltic states, Finland and Poland are divided between the two nations.

1940 - World War II: The Germans start bombing London.

1942 - World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad.

1943 - World War II: Kharkov liberated.

1944 - World War II: Marseille liberated.

1944 - World War II: King Michael of Romania dismisses the pro-Nazi government of General Antonescu, who is arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies.

1944 - A United States Air Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into a school in Freckleton, England killing 61 people.

1946 - Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Land (state) of Schleswig-Holstein.

1947 - The Maynard Midgets beat Lock Haven 16-7 to win the first-ever Little League World Series championship.

1948 - World Council of Churches is formed.

1952 - The Arab League goes into effect.

1958 - Chinese Civil War: The Second Taiwan Strait crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army's bombardment of Quemoy.

1959 - Sally Brown debuts on the Peanuts strip (as an infant).

1960 - In Equatorial Guinea, the world's largest frog (3.3 kg) is caught.

1960 - Sally Brown first falls in love with Linus van Pelt.

1962 - First live television connection between the United States and Europe, via the Telstar satellite.

1966 - Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.

1968 - Ringo Starr temporarily quits The Beatles.

1973 - The Intelsat communication satellite is launched.

1975 - Successful Communist coup in Laos.

1979 - Soviet dancer Alexander Godunov defects to the United States.

1985 - Hans Tiedge, top counter-spy of West Germany, defects to East Germany.

1987 - Heavy rains and floods in Bangladesh kill hundreds of victims.

1989 - Singing Revolution: two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius-Tallinn road, holding hands (Baltic Way).

1989 - All of Australia's 1,645 domestic airline pilots resign after the airlines threaten to fire them and sue them over a dispute.

1990 - Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages to try to prevent the Gulf War).

1990 - Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.

1990 - West Germany and East Germany announce that they will unite on October 3.

1992 - Hurricane Andrew hits South Florida.

1996 - Osama bin Laden issues message entitled 'A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places.'

2000 - A Gulf Air Airbus A320 crashes into the Persian Gulf near Manama, Bahrain, killing 143.

2000 - Nicaragua becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. This essentially deprecated the Buenos Aires Convention treaty, because as of this date, all members of the BA Convention were also signatories to Berne.

2005 - TANS Peru Flight 204 crashes near Pucallpa, Peru, killing 41.

2005 - Hurricane Katrina forms over the Bahamas as Tropical Depression 12.

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686 - Charles Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne (d. 741)

1486 - Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat and historian (d. 1566)

1524 - François Hotman, French lawyer and writer (d. 1590)

1623 - Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish astronomer (d. 1675)

1724 - Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman (d. 1796)

1741 - Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, French explorer (d. 1788)

1754 - King Louis XVI of France (d. 1792)

1769 - Georges Cuvier, French biologist and statesman (d. 1832)

1783 - William Tierney Clark, English civil engineer (d. 1852)

1785 - Oliver Hazard Perry, U.S. naval officer (d.1819)

1805 - Anton von Schmerling, Austrian statesman (d. 1893)

1829 - Moritz Cantor, German mathematician (d.1920)

1847 - Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer (d. 1927)

1849 - William Ernest Henley, British poet, critic, and editor (d. 1903)

1852 - Arnold Toynbee, English economist and social reformer (d.1883)

1854 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (d. 1925)

1864 - Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (d.1936)

1869 - Edgar Lee Masters, American author (d. 1950)

1919 - Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin, Russian mathematician (d. 1984)

1925 - Robert Mulligan, American movie and television director

1875 - William Eccles, English radio pioneer (d. 1966)

1875 - Eugene Lanceray, Russian artist (d. 1946)

1880 - Alexander Grin, Russian writer (d. 1932)

1883 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV, U.S. general (d. 1953)

1884 - Will Cuppy, American humorist (d. 1949)

1884 - Ogden L. Mills, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1927-1932 (d. 1937)

1900 - Ernst Krenek, Austrian-born composer (d. 1991)

1901 - John Sherman Cooper, U.S. Senator from Kentucky (d. 1991)

1903 - William Primrose, Scottish violist (d. 1982)

1905 - Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)

1911 - Birger Ruud, Norwegian athelete (d. 1998)

1912 - Gene Kelly, American dancer and actor (d. 1996)

1917 - Tex Williams, American singer (d. 1985)

1921 - Kenneth Arrow, American economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner

1922 - George Kell, baseball player

1922 - Jean Darling, American child actress

1923 - Edgar F. Codd, English computer scientist (d. 2003)

1924 - Ephraim Kishon, Israeli writer (d. 2005)

1924 - Robert Solow, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

1927 - Dick Bruna, Dutch illustrator

1929 - Vera Miles, American actress

1930 - Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France

1931 - Hamilton O. Smith, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1932 - Houari Boumedienne, President of Algeria (d. 1978)

1932 - Mark Russell, American comedian, musician, and political commentator

1933 - Robert Curl, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

1933 - Pete Wilson, Governor of California

1934 - Barbara Eden, American actress

1934 - Sonny Jurgensen, American football player

1936 - Henry Lee Lucas, American serial killer (d. 2001)

1943 - Nelson DeMille, American novelist

1946 - Keith Moon, English singer and drummer (The Who) (d. 1978)

1947 - Willy Russell, British playwright

1947 - David Robb, British actor

1948 - Andrei Pleşu, Romanian writer, essayist

1948 - Daniel Ruettiger "Rudy", University of Notre Dame football legend

1949 - Shelley Long, American actress

1949 - Geoff Capes, English Strongman

1949 - Rick Springfield, Australian singer and actor

1951 - Akhmad Kadyrov, President of Chechnya (d. 2004)

1951 - Queen Noor of Jordan

1952 - Vicky Leandros, Greek singer

1953 - Bobby G, British singer (Bucks Fizz)

1954 - Charles Busch, American director, writer, actor and drag queen

1956 - Andreas Floer, German mathematician (d. 1991)

1958 - Julio Franco, NY Mets, oldest regular position player in MLB history

1961 - Dean DeLeo, American musician (Stone Temple Pilots)

1962 - Martin Cauchon, Canadian politician

1963 - Hans-Henning Fastrich, German field hockey player

1963 - Kenny Wallace, American race car driver

1965 - Roger Avary, Canadian-born screenwriter, director, and producer

1966 - Rik Smits, Dutch basketball player

1968 - Chris DiMarco, American golfer

1969 - Keith Tyson, English artist

1969 - Jeremy Schaap, American sportswriter

1970 - Jay Mohr, American actor and comedian

1970 - River Phoenix, American actor (d. 1993)

1971 - Demetrio Albertini, Italian footballer

1972 - Martin Grainger, English footballer

1974 - Ray Park, British actor

1974 - Shifty, American musician (Crazy Town)

1975 - Eliza Carthy, English singer and fiddler

1976 - Scott Caan, American actor

1977 - Douglas Sequeira, Costa Rican footballer

1978 - Kobe Bryant, American basketball player

1978 - Julian Casablancas, American musician

1982 - Natalie Coughlin, American swimmer

1982 - YTCracker, American musician

1984 - Glen Johnson, English footballer

1986 - Neil Cicierega, American cartoonist and musician

1988 - Niki Leinso, Croatian singer and songwriter

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93 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (b. 40)

634 - Abu Bakr, Arabian caliph

1176 - Emperor Rokujo of Japan (b. 1164)

1305 - William Wallace, Scottish patriot (executed)

1387 - King Olav IV of Norway (b. 1370)

1507 - Jean Molinet, French writer (b. 1435)

1519 - Philibert Berthelier, Swiss patriot

1540 - Guillaume Budé, French scholar

1591 - Luis Ponce de León, Spanish poet and mystic (b. 1527)

1618 - Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero, Dutch writer (b. 1585)

1628 - George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (b. 1592)

1652 - John Byron, 1st Baron Byron, English royalist politician (b. 1600)

1723 - Increase Mather, New England Puritan minister (b. 1639)

1806 - Charles Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (b. 1736)

1813 - Alexander Wilson, Scottish-born ornithologist (b. 1766)

1819 - Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer (b. 1785)

1866 - Auguste Barthelemy, French poet (b. 1796)

1926 - Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (b. 1895)

1927 - Nicola Sacco, Italian anarchist (executed) (b. 1891)

1927 - Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist (executed) (b. 1888)

1937 - Albert Roussel, French composer (b. 1869)

1955 - Reginald Tate, British actor (b. 1896)

1960 - Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (b. 1895)

1962 - Walter Anderson, German folklorist (b. 1885)

1962 - Hoot Gibson, American actor (b. 1892)

1963 - Glen Gray, Jazz musician (b. 1906)

1966 - Francis X. Bushman, American actor (b. 1883)

1974 - Roberto Assagioli, Italian psychiatrist (b. 1888)

1982 - Stanford Moore, American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)

1990 - David Rose, American composer and orchestra leader (b. 1910)

1995 - Dwayne Goettel, Canadian musician (b. 1964)

1997 - John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1917)

1999 - James White, Northern Irish science fiction writer (b. 1928)

2001 - Peter Maas, American novelist (b. 1929)

2002 - Hoyt Wilhelm, baseball player (b. 1922)

2003 - Imperio Argentina, Argentine singer and actress (b. 1906)

2003 - Bobby Bonds, baseball player and manager (b. 1946)

2003 - Jack Dyer, Australian footballer (b. 1913)

2003 - John Geoghan, American Catholic priest

2005 - Brock Peters, American actor (b. 1927)

2005 - Ninjalicious Canadian Author and Urban Explorer (b. 1973)

2006 - Maynard Ferguson, jazz trumpet player and band leader (b. 1928)

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Roman festivals - Vulcanalia.

RC Saints - Saint Rose of Lima, Philip Benitius

Romania - Liberation Day (1944).

Swaziland - Umhlanga Day.

Ukraine - Flag Day.