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Apache Struts (formerly under the Apache Jakarta Project; Struts is now a top level project) is an open-source framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt an MVC architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May, 2000. This framework enables design and implementation of large web applications to be handled by different groups of people. In other words, page designers, component developers and other developers can handle their own bit of the project, all in tandem and in a decoupled manner. It features I18N (internationalization), a powerful custom tag library, tiled displays and form validation. It also supports a variety of presentation layers, including JSP, XML/XSLT, JavaServer Faces (JSF), and Velocity, as well as a variety of model layers, including JavaBeans and EJB.
Competing MVC frameworks Although Struts is a very well documented, mature and popular framework for building front ends to Java applications, it is facing new challenges from newer "light weight" MVC frameworks such as Spring, Stripes and Tapestry. The new XForms standards and frameworks may also be another option to building complex web Form validations with Struts in the future. In December 2005, Struts joined forces with another popular J2EE framework, WebWork. WebWork is being adopted as the 2.0 release of Apache Struts. WebWork spun off from Struts several years ago, and offers many enhancements and refinements, while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. Sun recently brought out a new addition to the Java platform, called JavaServer Faces (JSF). Aside from the original framework, the Apache Struts project also offers a JSF-based framework called Shale. Other MVC frameworks that are not J2EE based include Ruby on Rails, WebObjects, Django, Catalyst, TurboGears and CakePHP. See also | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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