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In biology and physics, animal locomotion is the study of how animals move, and is part of biophysics.
Much of the study is an application of Newton's third law of motion: if at rest, to move forwards an animal must push something backwards. Terrestrial animals must push the solid ground, swimming and flying animals must push against a fluid (either air or water). The topic splits into the following disjoint categories:
The distinction between the second and third topics is that in the third, the animal does not need to expend energy to defeat gravity; in or on the water, buoyancy counteracts the animal's weight.
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