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Ahir (a corruption of the word Abhir, "fearless") is a subgroup of the Yadav caste of India. According to tradition, the Abhiras had the distinction of founding the first recorded kingdom on the banks of the sacred river Saraswati. On the other side of the river was the kingdom of the Suras. The Sarswati gradually went underground, and the Suras were blamed for the mishap and charged with sins with which the river was burdened. Both the Suras and Abhiras had to migrate away from their kingdom and were alienated from the rest of society. Hindu writers have described the Ahirs as living in the north and west, the quarter varying according to the locality of the writer.The Sabha-parva and Bhisma-parva sections of the Mahabharata mention the province of Abhira, situated near what once was the Sarasvati River in ancient Sind .Suras and Abhira has together been referred to as Surabhiras in scriptures and later works does not discriminate between the two.Many scholars have sought link between Indian Abhira and Surabhir with Biblical equivalent Ophir and Sofir.Ptolemy says there was a country called Abhira at the mouth of the River Indus.Sreemad Bhagwatam gives similar account and location matches with Sind.Christian Lassen (1800-1876) author of Indische Alterthumskunde vol I p. 354, thinks “Ophir” was a seaport on the south west coast of India. Mrs.Manning says it was situated on the western coast of India.Gesenius, Sir Emerson Tennent, and Max Muller appear to agree with Christian Lassen .Because of so many views in favour sometimes Abhira is regarded as equivalent of Ophir, mentioned in the Bible and sofir (also the coptic name of India) refers to surabhir . According to the Markandeya Purana, all the kshatriya (warrior caste) were killed in a massacre led by Parshuram. Only the Abhiras survived by escaping into the craters between mountains. The sage Markandeya remarked that "all Kshatriya have been killed but Abhira have survived; they will surely rule the earth in Kaliyuga." Vātsyāyana also mentions the Abhira kingdoms in the Kama Sutra*.References of Abhira being residents of kingdom ruled by Yudhisthira is found in Bhagwatam. * Shreemad Bhagwatam, which gives detailed account of dynasties ruling after great war of Mahabharata, talks in detail about Abhira rulers Then will follow seven kings of the Abhira race from the city of Avabhrti, and then ten Gardabhis. After them, sixteen kings of the Kankas will rule and will be known for their excessive greed.Eight Yavanas will then take power, followed by fourteen Turuskas, ten Gurundas and eleven kings of the Maula dynasty.These Abhiras, Gardabhis and Kankas will enjoy the earth for 1,099 years. Gupta Dynasty's account exactly matches with the Abhira Kings mentioned in the Bhagwatam.Many believe both Guptas and Mauryas were abhir*.
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