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694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.

1282 - Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.

1492 - Peace of Etaples between Henry VII & Charles VIII.

1494 - Family de' Medici become rulers of Florence.

1520 - Danish King Christian II executes 82 in the Stockholm Bloodbath.

1729 - Spain, France & England sign the Treaty of Seville.

1764 - Mary Campbell, a captive of the Lenape during the French and Indian War, is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet.

1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming one of its three Consuls (Consulate Government).

1848 - Robert Blum, German revolutionary, executed in Vienna

1851 - Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.

1862 - American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George McClellan was removed.

1872 - The Great Boston Fire of 1872.

1877 - The National poet of Pakistan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal is born in Sialkot, present-day Pakistan.

1887 - The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

1888 - Jack the Ripper kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim.

1906 - Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country (to inspect progress on the Panama Canal).

1907 - The Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his birthday.

1918 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.

1921 - Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with the photoelectric effect.

1923 - In Munich, Germany, police and government troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria. The failed coup is the work of the Nazis.

1932 - Riots between conservative and socialist supporters in Switzerland kill 12 and injure 60.

1937 - Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China.

1938 - Kristallnacht, Nazi Germany's first large-scale act of physical anti-Jewish violence, begins.

1939 - Hitler survives attempted murder by explosion, the man plotting is sent to concentration camp.

1940 - Premiere of Joaquin Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez in Barcelona, Spain.

1946 - Links, Incorporated, an exclusive non-profit organization is founded by two African American women in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania.

1953 - Cambodia becomes independent from France.

1960 - Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Co., the first non-Ford to serve in that post — quitting a month later to join the newly-elected John F. Kennedy administration.

1961 - Neil Armstrong records a world record speed in a rocket plane, flying 6,587km/h in an X-15.

1963 - At Miike in Japan, a coal mine explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. A three-train disaster in Yokohama, also in Japan, kills more than 160 people.

1965 - Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast Blackout of 1965.

1965 - Catholic Worker member Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building.

1967 - Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy.

1970 - Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6 to 3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.

1971 - John List, an accountant from Westfield, New Jersey murders his mother, wife and three children. He then hides under a new identity for 18 years.

1986 - Romania: Election of Patriarch Teoctist Arăpaşu

1989 - Cold War: Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to freely travel to West Germany. People start demolishing the Berlin Wall.

1990 - Mary Robinson elected Ireland's first woman President and the first from the Labour Party.

1993 - Stari most, the "old bridge" in Bosnian Mostar built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing.

1994 - Discovery of the chemical element Darmstadtium.

1995 - Bill Watterson announces his retirement in a brief letter to newspaper editors.

1998 - Brokerage houses are ordered to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for their price-fixing. This is the largest civil settlement in United States history.

1999 - TAESA Flight 725, went down a few minutes after leaving the Uruapan airport en-route to Mexico City. 18 people were killed in the accident

2003 - During the holy month of Ramadan, a suicide-terrorist attack in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, kills 17 people.

2004 - Mozilla Firefox 1.0 released. This has become one of Microsoft Internet Explorer's biggest competitors.

2004 - John Ashcroft and Don Evans resign their posts as U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Secretary of Commerce respectively.

2004 - Halo 2 is released by the Microsoft Corporation. The sci-fi action shooter smashes entertainment records, grossing $125 Million on its opening day.

2005 - The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

2005 - Suicide bombers attacked three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 56 people.

2005 - Muriel Degauque becomes the first Belgian female suicide bomber, wounding one in Iraq.

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1414 - Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1486)

1522 - Martin Chemnitz, German theologian (d. 1586)

1664 - Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)

1717 - Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German archaeologist (d. 1768)

1721 - Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (d. 1770)

1731 - Benjamin Banneker, American scientist (d. 1806)

1802 - Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (d. 1837)

1810 - Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1887)

1818 (N.S.) - Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (d. 1883)

1825 - A.P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865)

1832 - Émile Gaboriau, French writer, novelist and journalist (b. 1873)

1840 - Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, French Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1898)

1841 - King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1910)

1853 - Stanford White, American architect (d. 1906)

1869 - Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (d. 1934)

1873 - Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist (d. 1941)

1874 - Albert Francis Blakeslee, American botanist (d. 1954)

1877 - Enrico De Nicola, Italian politician (d. 1959)

1877 - Allama Iqbal, Indian National poet of Pakistan (d. 1938)

1879 - Milan Šufflay, Croatian politician (d. 1931)

1880 - Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect (d. 1960)

1883 - Edna May Oliver, American actress (d. 1942)

1885 (N.S.) - Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian writer (d. 1922)

1885 - Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (d. 1955)

1885 - Theodor Kaluza, German scientist (d. 1954)

1886 - S. O. Davies, Welsh miner and politician (d. 1972)

1886 - Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966)

1889 - Jean Monnet, French internationalist (d. 1979)

1892 - Mabel Normand, American actress (d. 1930)

1895 - Mae Marsh, American actress (d. 1968)

1897 - Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1978)

1902 - Anthony Asquith, British film director (d. 1968)

1905 - Erika Mann, German writer (d. 1969)

1911 - Tabish Dehlvi, Pakistani poet (d. 2004)

1913 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress and inventor (d. 2000)

1915 - André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)

1915 - Sargent Shriver, American politician

1918 - Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States (d. 1996)

1921 - Viktor Chukarin, Soviet gymnast (d. 1984)

1921 - Pierrette Alarie, Canadian soprano

1922 - Raymond Devos, French humorist (d. 2006)

1922 - Imre Lakatos, Hungarian philosopher (d. 1974)

1923 - Alice Coachman, American athlete

1923 - Dorothy Dandridge, American actress (d. 1965)

1928 - Anne Sexton, American poet (d. 1974)

1929 - Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer, Nobel laureate

1929 - Marc Favreau, Québécois humorist and actor (d. 2005)

1931 - Whitey Herzog, Major League Baseball player and manager

1934 - Ingvar Carlsson, Swedish politician

1934 - Carl Sagan, American astronomer and writer (d. 1996)

1935 - Bob Gibson, Anerican baseball player

1936 - Daniel Robert Graham, American politician

1936 - Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (d. 1992)

1937 - Roger McGough, English poet

1937 - Clyde Wells, Canadian politician and judge, premier of Newfoundland

1941 - Tom Fogerty, American musician (Creedence Clearwater Revival) (d. 1990)

1942 - Tom Weiskopf, American golfer

1948 - Michel Pagliaro, Québécois rock singer

1948 - Bille August, Danish film and television director

1951 - Lou Ferrigno, American bodybuilder

1953 - Gaétan Hart, Canadian boxer

1955 - Bob Nault, French Canadian politician

1959 - Thomas Quasthoff, German singer

1959 - Tony Slattery, British actor

1959 - Nick Hamilton, American wrestling referee

1961 - Jill Dando, British television presenter (d. 1999)

1964 - Robert Duncan McNeill, American actor

1965 - Bryn Terfel, Welsh baritone

1965 - Teryl Rothery, Canadian actress

1968 - Nazzareno Carusi, Italian pianist

1969 - Allison Wolfe, American musician (Bratmobile, Cold Cold Hearts, Partyline)

1970 - Chris Jericho, American wrestler

1970 - Susan Tedeschi, American musician

1970 - Scarface, American rapper

1971 - David Duval, American Golfer and former
1 in the world

1972 - Corin Tucker, American musician (Sleater-Kinney)

1972 - Doug Russell, American radio personality

1973 - Nick Lachey, American pop singer

1974 - Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer

1976 - Lúcia Moniz, Portuguese singer

1978 - Sisqó, American singer (Dru Hill)

1978 - Steven Lopez, American taekwondo martial artist

1979 - Adam Dunn, American baseball player

1979 - Martin Taylor, English footballer

1980 - Vanessa Minnillo, American television personality

1980 - Dominique Maltais, Québécois snowboarder

1981 - Luke Covell, Australian/New Zealand rugby player

1984 - Delta Goodrem, Australian singer

1984 - SE7EN, South Korean singer

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959 - Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 905)

1187 - Emperor Gaozong of China (b. 1107)

1208 - Sancha of Castile, wife of Alfonso II of Aragon (b. 1155)

1504 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452)

1623 - William Camden, English historian (b. 1551)

1641 - Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, Governor of the Netherlands and Bishop of Toledo

1766 - Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Dutch composer (b. 1692)

1770 - John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician

1778 - Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)

1809 - Paul Sandby, English cartographer (b. 1725)

1848 - Robert Blum, German politician (b. 1810)

1888 - Mary Jane Kelly, Irish murder victim (b. 1863)

1911 - Howard Pyle, American author (b. 1853)

1918 - Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)

1919 - Eduard Müller, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1848)

1937 - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)

1938 - Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander (b.1889)

1940 - Stephen Peter Alencastre, Portuguese Catholic prelate (b. 1876)

1940 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1869)

1942 - Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883)

1944 - Frank Marshall, American chess player (b. 1877)

1951 - Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (b. 1887)

1952 - Chaim Weizmann, 1st President of Israel (b. 1874)

1953 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (b. 1914)

1957 - Peter O'Connor, Irish athlete (b. 1872)

1970 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (b. 1890)

1971 - Maude Fealy, American actor (b. 1881)

1977 - Fred Haney, American baseball player (b. 1898)

1980 - Victor Sen Yung, American actor (b. 1915)

1988 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General (b. 1913)

1988 - Father David Bauer, professional ice hockey player and builder (b. 1924)

1991 - Yves Montand, French actor (b. 1921)

1997 - Helenio Herrera, French football player

1998 - Ursula Reit, German actress (b. 1914)

2000 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (b. 1915)

2002 - William Schutz, American psychologist

2003 - Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918)

2003 - Gordon Onslow Ford, English painter (b. 1912)

2003 - Binod Bihari Verma, Maithili literateur (b.1937)

2004 - Iris Chang, American author (b. 1968)

2005 - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (b. 1921)

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Roman Catholicism - Dedication of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Cathedral of the Pope (memorial feast day)

Also see November 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Cambodia - Independence Day (1953)

Pakistan - Allama Iqbal Day (1877)

Germany - November 9th is often called Germany's Schicksalstag (day of fate) due to the events of 1848, 1918, 1923, 1938, and 1989.

Europe - Inventor's Day - in honor of Hedy Lamarr's birthday

United States - World Freedom Day, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989

International - International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism, to commemorate the pogrom against the Jews, started by Nazis on November 9, 1938 - Kristallnacht