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161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, an unprecedented political arrangement in the Roman Empire.

321 - Roman Emperor Constantine I decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire

851 - Death of the King of Brittany Nominoë in Vendome

1798 - The French army enters in Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic.

1799 - Napoleon I of France captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.

1814 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.

1815 - Napoleon I of France meets troops of the Fifth Regiment sent by Louise XVIII at Grenoble, and convinces them to join him on his march to Paris.

1827 - Brazil marines sail up the Rio Negro (Argentina) and attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina. They are defeated by the local citizens.

1827 - Shrigley Abduction: Ellen Turner, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand.

1848 - The Great mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii.

1850 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.

1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge - Union forces led by General Samuel Curtis defeat Confederate troops under General Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.

1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent
174,464).

1887 - First school in Albanian language opens in the city of Korca, Albania.

1911 - Revolution in Mexico.

1912 - Roald Amundsen first announces to the world that his expedition has reached the South Pole, though they had arrived on December 14, 1911.

1918 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.

1936 - World War II: In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.

1945 - World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.

1947 - The Kuomintang and Communist Party of China resume full-fledged Civil War.

1950 - Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.

1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - In Korea, United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgeway begin an assault against Chinese forces.

1965 - In Selma, Alabama, State troopers and local law enforcement forcefully break up a group of 600 civil rights marchers. The event was televised and was dubbed Bloody Sunday.

1968 - Vietnam War: The First Battle of Saigon begins.

1969 - Golda Meir elected as the first female Prime Minister of Israel.

1973 - The ultimately disappointing Comet Kohoutek is discovered by Luboš Kohoutek.

1983 - The Nashville Network (TNN) begins broadcasting.

1984 - The United States attacks San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.

1986 - The First ever classed "Trojan Horse" sent into the wild.

1987 - Mike Tyson adds the WBA World Heavyweight boxing championship to his WBC one when he beats James Smith after a 12-round fight in Las Vegas, Nevada.

1988 - Colombia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1989 - Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controverial novel.

1989 - The State Council of the People's Republic of China declares martial law in Lhasa, Tibet.

1994 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.

1994 - A gunman takes 8 people hostage in the Salt Lake City Public Library Hostage Incident.

1996 - The first democratically elected Palestinian parliament is formed.

2002 - Opening of The IX Paralympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah.

2002 - The Network Against Prohibition forms in Darwin, Australia.

2005 - Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait.

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189 - Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor (d. 211)

1481 - Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537)

1556 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (d. 1621)

1671 - Robert Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734)

1678 - Filippo Juvara, Italian architect (d. 1736)

1687 - Jean Lebeuf, French historian (d. 1760)

1693 - Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)

1715 - Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759)

1715 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (d. 1755)

1730 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (d. 1807)

1765 - Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor (d. 1833)

1788 - Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1878)

1792 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)

1837 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)

1841 - William Rockhill Nelson, founder of Kansas City Star and patron of Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (d. 1915)

1850 - Tomáš Masaryk, first President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)

1857 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940)

1872 - Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (d. 1944)

1873 - Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (d. 1959)

1875 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)

1878 - Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter (d. 1927)

1887 - Heino Eller, Estonian composer (d. 1970)

1902 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)

1904 - Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969)

1904 - Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi official (d. 1942)

1908 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)

1922 - Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 2004)

1925 - Rene Gagnon, US Marine shown in photograph of the raising of the US flag on Iwo Jima

1926 - Alan Sues, American comedian and actor

1930 - Antony Armstrong-Jones, Lord Snowdon

1933 - Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1998)

1934 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster

1938 - David Baltimore, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1938 - Janet Guthrie, American race car driver

1940 - Rudi Dutschke, German student leader (d. 1979)

1940 - Daniel J. Travanti, American actor

1942 - Tammy Faye Bakker, American evangelist

1942 - Michael Eisner, American film studio executive

1944 - Stanley Schmidt, American editor

1944 - Townes Van Zandt, American musician and songwriter (1997)

1945 - John Heard, American actor

1945 - Arthur Lee, American musician (Love) (d. 2006)

1946 - Peter Wolf, American musician (J Geils Band)

1947 - Richard Lawson, American actor

1947 - Walter Röhrl, German race car driver

1949 - Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician

1950 - Iris Chacon, Puerto Rican singer and dancer

1950 - Franco Harris, American football player

1952 - Ernie Isley, American guitarist (The Isley Brothers)

1952 - Lynn Swann, American football player

1952 - Viv Richards, West Indies cricketer

1955 - Tommy Kramer, American football player

1956 - Bryan Cranston, American actor

1958 - Alan Hale, American astronomer

1958 - Rik Mayall British actor

1960 - Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player

1963 - Bill Brochtrup, American actor

1963 - Denyce Graves, American singer

1964 - Bret Easton Ellis, American writer

1964 - Wanda Sykes, American actress and comedian

1965 - Jack Armstrong, baseball player

1965 - Steve Beuerlein, American football player

1965 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer

1968 - Jeff Kent, American baseball player

1971 - Rachel Weisz, British actress

1971 - Peter Sarsgaard, American actor

1973 - Ray Parlour, English footballer

1974 - Jenna Fischer, American actress

1977 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer

1980 - Laura Prepon, American actress

1980 - Anthony Ocana, Dominican composer & guitarist

1984 - Mathieu Flamini, French football (soccer) player

1986 - Hikari Hino, Japanese porn star

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322 BC - Aristotle, philosopher (b. 384 BC)

161 - Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (b. 86)

308 - Saint Eubulus, Christian martyr

851 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany

1226 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader

1274 - Thomas Aquinas, Philosopher (b. 1225)

1578 - Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (b. 1515)

1625 - Johann Bayer, German astronomer (b. 1572)

1724 - Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655)

1767 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer (b. 1680)

1778 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist (b. 1720)

1810 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)

1904 - Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist (b. 1828)

1913 - Emily Pauline Johnson, Native Canadian poet

1928 - Robert Abbe, American surgeon (b. 1851)

1932 - Aristide Briand, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1862)

1949 - Francis Dodd, English artist (b. 1874)

1952 - Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru (b. 1893)

1954 - Otto Diels, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)

1957 - Wyndham Lewis, British author (b. 1882)

1967 - Alice B. Toklas, American companion to Gertrude Stein (b. 1877)

1974 - Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (b. 1906)

1975 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (b. 1895)

1975 - Ben Blue, Canadian actor (b. 1901)

1976 - Wright Patman, American politician (b. 1893)

1978 - Steve Bilko, Baseball player (b. 1928)

1981 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914)

1984 - Paul Rotha, English director (b. 1907)

1986 - Jacob Javits, American politician (b. 1904)

1988 - Divine, American actor (b. 1945)

1991 - Cool Papa Bell, baseball player (b. 1903)

1995 - Paul-Émile Victor, French explorer (b. 1907)

1997 - E. H. Bronner, German-American soap magnate (b. 1908)

1997 - Edward Mills Purcell, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)

1999 - Sidney Gottlieb, American CIA official (b. 1918)

1999 - Stanley Kubrick, American film director (b. 1928)

2000 - Charles Gray, British actor (b. 1928)

2000 - Jack Sanford, baseball player (b. 1929)

2002 - Doris Allen, American psychologist (b. 1901)

2004 - Paul Winfield, American actor (b. 1941)

2006 - Ali Farka Touré Malian musician (b. 1939)

2006 - Gordon Parks, photographer (b. 1912)

2006 - John Junkin, British performer (b. 1930)

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Albania — Teacher's Day

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Catholicism — Feast day of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, patron saint of married women