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589 BC - Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt.

588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon begins siege of Jerusalem; the opera Nabucco sets the date at 587 BC.

587 BC - Jerusalem falls to the Babylonians, ending the Kingdom of Judah. The conquerors destroy the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem and exile the land's remaining inhabitants.

586 BC - Death of Zhou ding wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.

May 28, 585 BC - A solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Thales, while Alyattes II is battling Cyaxares. This leads to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from which other dates can be calculated.

585/584 BC - Astyages succeeds Cyaxares as King of the Medes.

585 BC - Zhou jian wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.

582 BC - Pythian Games founded at Delphi. (traditional date)

580 BC - Cambyses I succeeds Cyrus I as king of Anshan and head of the Achaemenid dynasty. (approximate date)

580 BC - Isthmian Games founded at Corinth. (traditional date)

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Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylon.

585 BC - Birth of Anaximenes of Miletus, Greek philosopher († 525 BC).

585 BC - Death of Emperor Jimmu of Japan

582 BC - Birth of Pythagoras in Samos, Greek philosopher and mathematician († 496 BC).

580 BC - Death of Cyrus I of Anshan (approximate date).