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Persian empire
Having successfully captured several of the revolting Greek city-states, the Persians under Artaphernes lay siege to Miletus. The decisive Battle of Lade is fought at the island of Lade, near Miletus' port. Although out-numbered, the Greek fleet appears to be winning the battle until the ships from Samos and Lesbos retreat. The sudden defection turns the tide of battle, and the remaining Greek fleet is completely destroyed. Miletus surrenders shortly thereafter, and the Ionian Revolt comes to an end.
Persian leaders Artaphernes and Mardonius grant a degree of autonomy to Ionian cities. They abstain from financial reprisals and merely exact former levels of tribute. The Persians abolish the Greek tyrannies in Ionia and permit democracies.
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Greece
The Phoenician allies of the Persians take savage reprisals against the Greeks, whom the Phoenicians regard as pirates.
The former tyrant of Miletus, Histiaeus is captured by the Persians and executed at Sardis by Artaphernes.
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Roman republic
At the end of a military campaign, the Plebeian element in the Roman army retires to the Sacred Mountain outside Rome. The soldiers in the so-called "Succession of the Plebeians" threaten to found a new city. To end the succession, the plebeians gain acceptance from the patricians that the plebians choose two leaders to whom they give the title Tribunes. The office of the tribunate is established.
The aediles, magistrates of ancient Rome who are in charge of the temple and cult of Ceres, are first established. They were two officials of the plebeians, created at the same time as the tribunes, whose sanctity they shared.
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