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Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus.

Civil War:

January 4 - Caesar lands at Dyrrhachium (Durazzo).

March - Mark Antony joins Caesar.

April - Siege of Dyrrhachium.

May - Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, co-consul with Julius Caesar, destroys Caelius's magistrate's chair on his tribunal.

July 10 - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia; he retreats to Thessaly.

August 9 - Battle of Pharsalus: Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.

September 28 - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt (may have occurred September 29, records unclear).

Caesar is named consul for a period of five years.

Roman temple to Bellona on the Capitolinus outside Rome is burnt to the ground.

Siege of Alexandria.

October - Pharnaces, King of Bosporus defeats the Caesarian Domitius Calvinus in the Battle of Nicopolis (or Nikopol).

December - Battle in Alexandria, Egypt between the forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and Queen Arsinoe IV. The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire and is burned down.

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Yuan becomes emperor of the Han Dynasty.

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Lucius Calpurnius Piso, consul under Caesar Augustus

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September 29 - Pompey, Roman politician (assassinated).

Titus Annius Milo, Roman politician (died in exile)